cho a,b,c thỏa \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1\le a\\b,c\le3\\a+b+c=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
tìm MAX MIN \(\dfrac{1}{4a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+4b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+4c}\)
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Lâu rồi không lên Hoc24
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Minkowski, Schwarz và AM - GM ta có:
\(S\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\right)^2}=\sqrt{\left[\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{81}{16\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\right]+\dfrac{81.15}{16\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{9}{2}+\dfrac{135}{4}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{153}{4}}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{17}}{2}\).
Sau khi chọn đc hệ số điểm rơi là 16 thì cơ sở nào tách tiếp ra 16 số rồi áp dụng cosi nữa vậy ạ??
\(P=\dfrac{2-\left(1+a^2\right)}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{2-\left(1+b^2\right)}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}\)
\(P=2\left(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}\right)-2\)
Từ điều kiện \(ab+bc+ca=1\), đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=tanx\\b=tany\\c=tanz\end{matrix}\right.\) với \(x+y+z=\dfrac{\pi}{2}\)
Xét \(Q=\dfrac{1}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}=\dfrac{1}{1+tan^2x}+\dfrac{1}{1+tan^2y}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1+tan^2z}}\)
\(Q=cos^2x+cos^2y+cosz=1+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(cos2x+cos2y\right)+cosz\)
\(=1+cos\left(x+y\right)cos\left(x-y\right)+cosz\le1+cos\left(x+y\right)+cosz\)
\(=1+cos\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-z\right)+cosz=1+sinz+cosz=1+\sqrt{2}sin\left(z+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)\le1+\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le2\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)-2=2\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y=\dfrac{\pi}{8}\\z=\dfrac{\pi}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\sqrt{2}-1;\sqrt{2}-1;1\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{5a+10b+15c}{4}+\left(\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3a}{4}\right)+\left(\dfrac{9}{2b}+\dfrac{b}{2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{4}{c}+\dfrac{c}{4}\right)\)
\(\ge\dfrac{5\left(a+2b+3c\right)}{4}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{a}.\dfrac{3a}{4}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{9}{2b}.\dfrac{b}{2}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{c}.\dfrac{c}{4}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{5.20}{4}+3+3+2=33\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=2;b=3;c=4
Vậy \(P_{min}=33\)
Xét \(\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{3\left(a-2\right)}{25}-\dfrac{2}{5}=\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{3a-16}{25}=\dfrac{\left(3a-4\right)\left(a-2\right)^2}{25\left(a^2+1\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}\ge\dfrac{2}{5}-\dfrac{3\left(a-2\right)}{25}\)
CMTT \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}\ge\dfrac{2}{5}-\dfrac{3\left(b-2\right)}{25}\\\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}\ge\dfrac{2}{5}-\dfrac{3\left(c-2\right)}{25}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng vế theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{2}{5}-\dfrac{3\left(a-2\right)+3\left(b-2\right)+3\left(c-2\right)}{25}\ge\dfrac{6}{5}-\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c-6\right)}{25}=\dfrac{6}{5}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{b}{c}=x\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ab+bc=2c^2\\2a\le c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{c}.x+x=2\\\dfrac{a}{c}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{2-x}{x}\\\dfrac{2-x}{x}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{2-x}{x}\\x\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta lại có:
\(\dfrac{a}{a-b}+\dfrac{b}{b-c}+\dfrac{c}{c-a}=\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{c}}{\dfrac{a}{c}-\dfrac{b}{c}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{b}{c}}{\dfrac{b}{c}-1}+\dfrac{1}{1-\dfrac{a}{c}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{2-x}{x}}{\dfrac{2-x}{x}-x}+\dfrac{x}{x-1}+\dfrac{1}{1-\dfrac{2-x}{x}}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x^2+8x-4}{2x^2+2x-4}\)
\(=\dfrac{27}{5}+\dfrac{39x^2+14x-88}{2x^2+2x-4}=\dfrac{27}{5}+\dfrac{\left(3x-4\right)\left(13x+22\right)}{2\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)}\ge\dfrac{27}{5}\)
Vậy GTNN là \(\dfrac{27}{5}\) dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ab^2+c^2a+ca^2+b^2c+bc^2+2abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)c+ab\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
=> Hoặc a+b=0 hoặc b+c=0 hoặc c+a=0
=> Hoặc a=-b hoặc b=-c hoặc c=-a
Ko mất tổng quát, g/s a=-b
a) Ta có: vì a=-b thay vào ta được:
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=-\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)
\(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{-b^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)
=> đpcm
b) Ta có: \(a+b+c=1\Leftrightarrow-b+b+c=1\Rightarrow c=1\)
=> \(P=-\frac{1}{b^{2021}}+\frac{1}{b^{2021}}+\frac{1}{c^{2021}}=\frac{1}{1^{2021}}=1\)
Bài 1)
Đưa về đồng bậc:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x^3-y^3=x+2y\\52x^2-82xy+21y^2=-9\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow-9\left(4x^3-y^3\right)=\left(x+2y\right)\left(52x^2-82xy+21y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 8x^3+2x^2y-13xy^2+3y^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (4x-y)(x-y)(2x+3y)\Rightarrow \) \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\4x=y\\2x=-3y\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay từng TH vào hệ phương trình ban đầu ta thấy chỉ TH \(x=y\) thỏa mãn.
\(\Leftrightarrow (x,y)=(1,1),(-1,-1)\)là nghiệm của HPT
Bài 2)
Đặt \(P=a+b+c+\frac{3}{4a}+\frac{9}{8b}+\frac{1}{c}\Rightarrow 4P=4a+4b+4c+\frac{3}{a}+\frac{9}{2b}+\frac{4}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 4P=(a+2b+3c)+\left(3a+\frac{3}{a}\right)+\left(2b+\frac{9}{2b}\right)+\left(c+\frac{4}{c}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a+\dfrac{3}{a}\ge6\\2b+\dfrac{9}{2b}\ge6\\c+\dfrac{4}{c}\ge4\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow 4P\geq (a+2b+3c)+6+6+4\geq 10+6+6+4=26\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\geq \frac{13}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \((a,b,c)=(1,\frac{3}{2},2)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\left(a+b+c\right)=12\\b\left(a+b+c\right)=18\\c\left(a+b+c\right)=30\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(a+b+c\right)+b\left(a+b+c\right)+c\left(a+b+c\right)=12+18+30\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=60\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=60\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=\pm\sqrt{60}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\sqrt{60}:12=\dfrac{\sqrt{15}}{6}\\b=\sqrt{60}:18=\dfrac{\sqrt{15}}{9}\\c=\sqrt{60}:30=\dfrac{\sqrt{15}}{15}\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-\sqrt{60}:12=\dfrac{-\sqrt{15}}{6}\\b=-\sqrt{60}:18=\dfrac{-\sqrt{15}}{9}\\c=-\sqrt{60}:30=\dfrac{-\sqrt{15}}{15}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Các câu sau làm tương tự
b. \(ab=\dfrac{3}{5};bc=\dfrac{4}{5};ac=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab\cdot bc\cdot ac=\dfrac{9}{25}\Rightarrow\left(abc\right)^2=\dfrac{9}{25}\Rightarrow abc=\pm\dfrac{3}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{3}{5}:bc=\dfrac{3}{5}:\dfrac{4}{5}=\dfrac{3}{4}\\b=\dfrac{3}{5}:ac=\dfrac{3}{5}:\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{4}{5}\\c=\dfrac{3}{5}:ab=\dfrac{3}{5}:\dfrac{3}{5}=1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-\dfrac{3}{5}:\dfrac{4}{5}=-\dfrac{3}{4}\\b=-\dfrac{3}{5}:\dfrac{3}{4}=-\dfrac{4}{5}\\c=-\dfrac{3}{5}:\dfrac{3}{5}=-1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy......................
bài này làm r` mà ko nhớ ở đâu, cx bận nên ngại làm lại ==
Vừa read trên face bài này xong '_'