Tìm a,b,c,d là số nguyên tố khác nhau sao cho : \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{d}+\dfrac{1}{abcd}=1\)
giúp em với @phynit, @Nguyễn Trần Thành Đạt
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A = \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{12}+\dfrac{1}{20}+\dfrac{1}{30}+...+\dfrac{1}{110}\)
= \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{4.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+...+\dfrac{1}{10.11}\)
= \(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{10}-\dfrac{1}{11}\)
= \(1-\dfrac{1}{11}\)
= \(\dfrac{10}{11}\)
Vậy A = \(\dfrac{10}{11}\)
a) \(A=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{12}+...+\dfrac{1}{110}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{10.11}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{10}-\dfrac{1}{11}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=1-\dfrac{1}{11}=\dfrac{10}{11}\)
☘ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM
\(\dfrac{a}{1+a}+\dfrac{b}{1+b}+\dfrac{c}{1+c}+\dfrac{d}{1+d}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{a}{1+a}=\dfrac{b}{1+b}+\dfrac{c}{1+c}+\dfrac{d}{1+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+a}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{bcd}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
☘ Tương tự, ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{acd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{abd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+b\right)}}\)
☘ Nhân vế theo vế
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}\ge\dfrac{81abcd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow abcd\le\dfrac{1}{81}\)
☘ Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=c=b=d=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
⚠ Nguồn: https://hoc24.vn/hoi-dap/question/463672.html
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(1+\sqrt{ab}\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(1+\sqrt{ab}\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+ab}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{\left(1+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(1+d\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{1+cd}\)
\(\Rightarrow B\ge\dfrac{1}{1+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+cd}=\dfrac{1}{1+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{ab}}=\dfrac{1}{1+ab}+\dfrac{ab}{1+ab}=1\)
\(B_{min}=1\) khi \(a=b=c=d=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT phụ ta có:
\(B\ge\dfrac{1}{1+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+cd}=\dfrac{ab+cd+2}{1+ab+cd+abcd}=1\)
Vậy GTNN của B bằng 1 <=> a=b=c=d=1
Hằng đẳng thức:
\(\left(x-y-z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(yz-xy-zx\right)=x^2+y^2+z^2-2\left(xy+xz-yz\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=\left(x-y-z\right)^2+2\left(xy+xz-yz\right)\)
Giờ thay \(x=\dfrac{1}{a}\) ; \(y=\dfrac{1}{b}\); \(z=\dfrac{1}{c}\) là ra cái người ta làm
Bài 1: Ta có:
\(M=\frac{ad}{abcd+abd+ad+d}+\frac{bad}{bcd.ad+bc.ad+bad+ad}+\frac{c.abd}{cda.abd+cd.abd+cabd+abd}+\frac{d}{dab+da+d+1}\)
\(=\frac{ad}{1+abd+ad+d}+\frac{bad}{d+1+bad+ad}+\frac{1}{ad+d+1+abd}+\frac{d}{dab+da+d+1}\)
$=\frac{ad+abd+1+d}{ad+abd+1+d}=1$
Bài 2:
Vì $a,b,c,d\in [0;1]$ nên
\(N\leq \frac{a}{abcd+1}+\frac{b}{abcd+1}+\frac{c}{abcd+1}+\frac{d}{abcd+1}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{abcd+1}\)
Ta cũng có:
$(a-1)(b-1)\geq 0\Rightarrow a+b\leq ab+1$
Tương tự:
$c+d\leq cd+1$
$(ab-1)(cd-1)\geq 0\Rightarrow ab+cd\leq abcd+1$
Cộng 3 BĐT trên lại và thu gọn thì $a+b+c+d\leq abcd+3$
$\Rightarrow N\leq \frac{abcd+3}{abcd+1}=\frac{3(abcd+1)-2abcd}{abcd+1}$
$=3-\frac{2abcd}{abcd+1}\leq 3$
Vậy $N_{\max}=3$
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