Cho x,y >0
Tìm min
a) A= (x+9)(y+9)(1/x + 1/y)
b) B= (1+xy)(1/x + 1/y)
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Ta có A = 2018.2020 + 2019.2021
= (2020 - 2).2020 + 2019.(2019 + 2)
= 20202 - 2.2020 + 20192 + 2.2019
= 20202 + 20192 - 2(2020 - 2019) = 20202 + 20192 - 2 = B
=> A = B
b) Ta có B = 964 - 1= (932)2 - 12
= (932 + 1)(932 - 1) = (932 + 1)(916 + 1)(916 - 1) = (932 + 1)(916 + 1)(98 + 1)(98 - 1)
= (932 + 1)(916 + 1)(98 + 1)(94 + 1)(94 - 1)
= (932 + 1)(916 + 1)(98 + 1)(94 + 1)(92 + 1)(92 - 1)
(932 + 1)(916 + 1)(98 + 1)(94 + 1)(92 + 1).80
mà A = (932 + 1)(916 + 1)(98 + 1)(94 + 1)(92 + 1).10
=> A < B
c) Ta có A = \(\frac{x-y}{x+y}=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=\frac{x^2-y^2}{x^2+2xy+y^2}< \frac{x^2-y^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}=B\)
=> A < B
d) \(A=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^3}{x^2-y^2}=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^3}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)}=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{x-y}=\frac{x^2+2xy+y^2}{x-y}< \frac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x-y}=B\)
=> A < B
Bài 1. Ta có : \(xy+\dfrac{1}{xy}=16xy-15xy+\dfrac{1}{xy}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho các số dương , ta có :
\(x+y\) ≥ \(2\sqrt{xy}\)
⇔ \(\left(x+y\right)^2\) ≥ \(4xy\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{1}{4}\) ≥ xy
⇔ - 15xy ≥ \(\dfrac{1}{4}.\left(-15\right)=\dfrac{-15}{4}\)
CMTT , \(16xy+\dfrac{1}{xy}\) ≥ \(2\sqrt{16xy.\dfrac{1}{xy}}=2.\sqrt{16}=8\)
⇒ \(16xy+\dfrac{1}{xy}\) - 15xy ≥ \(8-\dfrac{15}{4}=\dfrac{17}{4}\)
a) \(2011.2013+2012.2014\)
\(=\left(2012-1\right)\left(2012+1\right)+\left(2013-1\right)\left(2013+1\right)\)
\(=2012^2-1+2013^2-1\)
\(=2012^2+2013^2-2\)
\(\Rightarrow2011.2013+2012.2014=2012^2+2013^2-2\)
b) \(\left(9-1\right)\left(9^2+1\right)\left(9^4+1\right)\left(9^8+1\right)\left(9^{16}+1\right)\left(9^{32}+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{10}\left(9+1\right)\left(9-1\right)\left(9^2+1\right)\left(9^4+1\right)\left(9^8+1\right)\left(9^{16}+1\right)\left(9^{32}+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{10}\left(9^2-1\right)\left(9^2+1\right)\left(9^4+1\right)\left(9^8+1\right)\left(9^{16}+1\right)\left(9^{32}+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{10}\left(9^4-1\right)\left(9^4+1\right)\left(9^8+1\right)\left(9^{16}+1\right)\left(9^{32}+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{10}\left(9^8-1\right)\left(9^8+1\right)\left(9^{16}+1\right)\left(9^{32}+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{10}\left(9^{16}-1\right)\left(9^{16}+1\right)\left(9^{32}+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{10}\left(9^{32}-1\right)\left(9^{32}+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{10}\left(9^{64}-1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{9^{64}-1}{10}\)
Ta có: \(9^{64}-1=\dfrac{10\left(9^{64}-1\right)}{10}\)
Mà \(\dfrac{10\left(9^{64}-1\right)}{10}>\dfrac{9^{64}-1}{10}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(9-1\right)\left(9^2+1\right)\left(9^4+1\right)\left(9^8+1\right)\left(9^{16}+1\right)\left(9^{32}+1\right)< 9^{64}-1\)
c) Ta có:
\(\dfrac{x^2-y^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)^2-xy}\left(1\right)\)
Vì x>y>0, ta có:
\(\dfrac{x-y}{x+y}=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\left(2\right)\)
Vì x>y>0 nên \(\left(x+y\right)^2-xy< \left(x+y\right)^2\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) suy ra:
\(\dfrac{x-y}{x+y}< \dfrac{x^2-y^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}\)
a) Ta có:
\(2011.2013+2012.2014\)
\(=\left(2012-1\right)\left(2012+1\right)+\left(2013-1\right)\left(2013+1\right)\)
\(=2012^2-1+2013^2-1\)
\(=2012^2+2013^2-2\)
Vậy 2011.2013+2012.2014 = 20122 + 20132 - 2
áp dụng bdt amgm ta có \(xyz\le\left(\frac{x+y+z}{3}\right)^3=\frac{1}{3^3}=\frac{1}{27}\)
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\le\left(\frac{x+y+y+z+x+z}{3}\right)^3=\left(\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{3}\right)^3=\frac{8}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\le\frac{1}{27}.\frac{8}{27}=\left(\frac{2}{9}\right)^3\)
dau = xay ra khi x=y=z=1/3
ta có \(x^4+y^4\ge2x^2y^2\) \(y^4+z^4\ge2y^2z^2\) \(z^4+x^4\ge2x^2z^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x^4+y^4+z^4\right)\ge2\left(x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2\right)\)\(\Rightarrow x^4+y^4+z^4\ge x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2\)
mat khac \(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\) (tu cm)
\(\Rightarrow x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2\ge\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\)
min =1/3 \(\) dau = xay ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{+-\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Bài làm
a) x4+x3+2x2+x+1=(x4+x3+x2)+(x2+x+1)=x2(x2+x+1)+(x2+x+1)=(x2+x+1)(x2+1)
b)a3+b3+c3-3abc=a3+3ab(a+b)+b3+c3 -(3ab(a+b)+3abc)=(a+b)3+c3-3ab(a+b+c)
=(a+b+c)((a+b)2-(a+b)c+c2)-3ab(a+b+c)=(a+b+c)(a2+2ab+b2-ac-ab+c2-3ab)=(a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2-ab-ac-bc)
c)Đặt x-y=a;y-z=b;z-x=c
a+b+c=x-y-z+z-x=o
đưa về như bài b
d)nhóm 2 hạng tử đầu lại và 2hangj tử sau lại để 2 hạng tử sau ở trong ngoặc sau đó áp dụng hằng đẳng thức dề tính sau đó dặt nhân tử chung
e)x2(y-z)+y2(z-x)+z2(x-y)=x2(y-z)-y2((y-z)+(x-y))+z2(x-y)
=x2(y-z)-y2(y-z)-y2(x-y)+z2(x-y)=(y-z)(x2-y2)-(x-y)(y2-z2)=(y-z)(x2-2y2+xy+xz+yz)
1.
Đầu tiên ta cm: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\forall a,b>0\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{ab}}{ab}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\frac{2}{\frac{a+b}{2}}=\frac{4}{a+b}\) (cô si)
Dấu "=" khi a = b.
Áp dụng:
\(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{2}{xy}+4xy\) \(=\left(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{4xy}+4xy\right)+\frac{5}{4xy}\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4xy}\cdot4xy}+\frac{5}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
\(=4+2+5=11\)
Vậy MinA = 11 khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(P=\frac{x^2+1}{x^2-x+1}\Leftrightarrow x^2+1=P\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+1-Px^2+Px-P=0\)(*)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-P\right)x^2+Px+\left(1-P\right)=0\)
\(\Delta=P^2-4\left(1-P\right)^2\)
\(=P^2-4\left(1-2P+P^2\right)=-3P^2+8P-4\)
Để P có GTNN và GTLN thì phương trình (*) có nghiệm
\(\Leftrightarrow\Delta\ge0\Leftrightarrow-3P^2+8P-4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-3P^2+2P+6P-4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-P\left(3P-2\right)+2\left(3P-2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3P-2\right)\left(2-P\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}\le P\le2\)
Vậy \(min_P=\frac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=-1\); \(max_P=2\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
a) \(xy\left(y-7\right)+7y\left(1+x\right)\)
\(=xy^2-7xy+7y+7xy=xy^2+7y\)
Thay vào ta được:
\(=\left(-6\right).1^2+7.1=\left(-6\right)+7=1\)
b) \(xy-7x+y-7\)
\(=xy+y-7x-7=y\left(x+1\right)-7\left(x+1\right)=\left(y-7\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
Thay vào ta được:
\(=\left(10-7\right)\left(9+1\right)=3.10=30\)
c) \(xy\left(y-2\right)+2x\left(1+x\right)\)
Thay vào ta được:
\(\left(-1\right).2\left(2-2\right)+2\left(-1\right)[1+\left(-1\right)]=0+0=0\)