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Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) => 65a + 56b + 27c = 10,65 (1)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
=> \(n_{H_2}=a+b+1,5c=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225\left(mol\right)\) (2)
PTHH: Zn + Cl2 --to--> ZnCl2
2Fe + 3Cl2 --to--> 2FeCl3
2Al + 3Cl2 --to--> 2AlCl3
=> \(n_{Cl_2}=a+1,5b+1,5c=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\) (3)
(1)(2)(3) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,05\left(mol\right)\\c=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,05.56=2,8\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{10,65}.100\%=61,033\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,8}{10,65}.100\%=26,291\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{1,35}{10,65}.100\%=12,676\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) nHCl = 2a + 2b + 3c = 0,45 (mol)
=> mHCl = 0,45.36,5 = 16,425 (g)
=> \(a\%=C\%=\dfrac{16,425}{200}.100\%=8,2125\%\)
c) mdd sau pư = 10,65 + 200 - 0,225.2 = 210,2 (g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.136}{210,2}.100\%=6,47\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,05.127}{210,2}.100\%=3,02\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,05.133,5}{210,2}.100\%=3,176\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Sửa: $V_{H_2}=7,168(l)$
$a\bigg)$
Đặt $n_{Mg}=x;n_{Fe}=y;n_{Al}=z$
$\to 24x+56y+27z=9,52(1)$
$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,168}{22,4}=0,32(mol)$
$n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{8,064}{22,4}=0,36(mol)$
BTe: $x+y+1,5z=n_{H_2}=0,32(2)$
BTe: $x+1,5y+1,5z=n_{Cl_2}=0,36(3)$
Từ $(1)(2)(3)\to x=0,12(mol);y=0,08(mol);z=0,08(mol)$
$\to \begin{cases} \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,12.24}{9,52}.100\%=30,25\%\\ \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,08.56}{9,52}.100\%=47,06\%\\ \%m_{Al}=100-47,06-30,25=22,69\% \end{cases}$
$b\bigg)$
Bảo toàn H: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,64(mol)$
$\to C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,64}{0,2}=3,2M$
$\to a=3,2$
$c\bigg)$
Dung dịch sau gồm $MgCl_2,FeCl_2,AlCl_3$
Bảo toàn $Mg,Al,Fe:n_{MgCl_2}=0,12(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=n_{FeCl_2}=0,08(mol)$
$\to C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,12}{0,2}=0,6M$
$\to C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,08}{0,2}=0,4M$
$a\bigg)$
Đặt $n_{Mg}=x;n_{Fe}=y;n_{Al}=z$
$\to 24x+56y+27z=9,52(1)$
$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{14,336}{22,4}=0,64(mol)$
$n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{8,064}{22,4}=0,36(mol)$
BTe: $x+y+1,5z=n_{H_2}=0,64(2)$
BTe: $x+1,5y+1,5z=n_{Cl_2}=0,36(3)$
Từ $(1)(2)(3)\to$ nghiệm âm, xem lại đề
Đáp án D
Có
m g X + HNO3 đặc nguội → 0,1 mol NO2
→ BTe a . n M = 0 , 1 m o l ( 2 )
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:
=> a = 2, M = 65 (M là Zn).
Gọi số mol Mg, Fe, Al là a, b, c
=> 24a + 56b + 27c = 23,8
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
a------------------------->a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b------------------------->b
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
c------------------------->1,5c
=> a + b + 1,5c = \(\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + Cl2 --to--> MgCl2
a-->a
2Fe + 3Cl2 --to--> 2FeCl3
b--->1,5b
2Al + 3Cl2 --to--> 2AlCl3
c--->1,5c
=> \(a+1,5b+1,5c=\dfrac{20,16}{22,4}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
=> a = 0,3; b = 0,2; c = 0,2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,3.24=7,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
