Tìm GTLN, GTNN
a, 4x - \(x^2\) + 3
b, \(2x^2\) + 5x + 9
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a) 4x^2 - 12xy + 9y^2
=(2x)^2 - 2.2.3xy + (3y)^2
=(2x+3y)^2
b) 27a^3 - 64b^3
=(3a)^3 - (4b)^3
=(3a - 4b) [(3a)^2 +3a.4b +(4B)^2]
d) (2x - 6y)^2 - (3xy - 4)^2
=[ (2x - 6y)+ (3xy - 4) ] [ (2x - 6y)- (3xy - 4) ]
\(1,a,4x^2-12xy+9y^2\)
\(=\left(2x\right)^2-2.3.2xy+\left(3y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x-3y\right)^2\)
\(b,27a^3-64b^3\)
\(=\left(3a\right)^3-\left(4b\right)^3\)
\(\left(3a-4b\right)\left(9a^2+12ab+16b^2\right)\)
Bài 5:
a) \(A=x^2-4x+9=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+5=\left(x-2\right)^2+5\ge5\)
\(minA=5\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
b) \(B=x^2-x+1=\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(minB=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c) \(C=2x^2-6x=2\left(x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)-\dfrac{9}{2}=2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{2}\ge-\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(minC=-\dfrac{9}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Bài 4:
a) \(M=4x-x^2+3=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+7=-\left(x-2\right)^2+7\le7\)
\(maxM=7\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
b) \(N=x-x^2=-\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}=-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(maxN=\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c) \(P=2x-2x^2-5=-2\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{9}{2}=-2\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{2}\le-\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(maxP=-\dfrac{9}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Bài 1:
$A=(9x^2-5x)+(5y^2+3y)$
$=[(3x)^2-2.3x.\frac{5}{6}+(\frac{5}{6})^2]+5(y^2+\frac{3}{5}y+\frac{3^2}{10^2})-\frac{103}{90}$
$=(3x-\frac{5}{6})^2+5(y+\frac{3}{10})^2-\frac{103}{90}$
$\geq \frac{-103}{90}$
Vậy $A_{\min}=\frac{-103}{90}$. Giá trị này đạt tại $3x-\frac{5}{6}=y+\frac{3}{10}=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x,y)=(\frac{5}{18}, \frac{-3}{10})$
Bài 2:
a.
$-A=4x^2+5y^2-8xy-10y-12$
$=(4x^2-8xy+4y^2)+(y^2-10y+25)-37$
$=(2x-2y)^2+(y-5)^2-37\geq -37$
$\Rightarrow A\leq 37$
Vậy $A_{\max}=37$. Giá trị này đạt tại $2x-2y=y-5=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=y=5$
b.
$-B=3x^2+16y^2+8xy+5x-2$
$=(x^2+16y^2+8xy)+2(x^2+\frac{5}{2}x+\frac{5^2}{4^2})-\frac{41}{8}$
$=(x+4y)^2+2(x+\frac{5}{4})^2-\frac{41}{8}$
$\geq \frac{-41}{8}$
$\Rightarrow B\leq \frac{41}{8}$
Vậy $B_{\max}=\frac{41}{8}$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x+4y=x+\frac{5}{4}=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-5}{4}; y=\frac{5}{16}$
\(A=\left|3-x\right|+8\ge8\)
\(minA=8\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
\(B=\left|x+2\right|-4\ge-4\)
\(minB=-4\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)
d: =>4x+6=15x-12
=>4x-15x=-12-6=-18
=>-11x=-18
hay x=18/11
e: =>\(45x+27=12+24x\)
=>21x=-15
hay x=-5/7
f: =>35x-5=96-6x
=>41x=101
hay x=101/41
g: =>3(x-3)=90-5(1-2x)
=>3x-9=90-5+10x
=>3x-9=10x+85
=>-7x=94
hay x=-94/7
Ta có: A = 2x2 - 5x - 8 = 2(x2 - 5/2x + 25/16) - 89/8 = 2(x - 5/4)2 - 89/8
Ta luôn có: 2(x - 5/4)2 \(\ge\)0 \(\forall\)x
=> 2(x - 5/4)2 - 89/8 \(\ge\)-89/8 \(\forall\)x
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x - 5/4 = 0 <=> x = 5/4
Vậy Min của A = -89/8 tại x = 5/4
Ta có: B = -x2 - 4x + 3 = -(x2 + 4x + 4) + 7 = -(x + 2)2 + 7
Ta luôn có: -(x + 2)2 \(\le\)0 \(\forall\)x
=> -(x + 2)2 + 7 \(\le\)7 \(\forall\)x
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x + 2 = 0 <=> x = -2
Vậy Max của B = 7 tại x = -2
\(A=\dfrac{x^2-4x+1}{x^2}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}-\dfrac{4}{x}+1=\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}-\dfrac{4}{x}+4\right)-3=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}-2\right)^2-3\ge-3\)
\(A_{min}=-3\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
b: \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-2}{A}=\dfrac{\left(5x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)}{x^2\left(5x-1\right)+3\left(5x-1\right)}=\dfrac{x-2}{x^2+3}\)
hay \(A=x^2+3\)
a 4x -x^2 +3
= -x^2 +4x+3
=-x^2+4x+4-1
=-(x+2)^2-1>=-1
"="xảy ra khi (x+2)^2=0
tương đương x+2=0
tương đương x=-2
vậy GTLN của 4x-x^2+3 là -2 khi x=-2