trộn lẫn 100ml dung dịch KOH 1M với 100ml dung dịch HCl 0,5M thì thu được dung dịch D.
a,Tính nồng độ mol của các ion có trong dung dịch D.
b,Tính thể tích của dung dịch H2SO4 1M đủ để trung hoà hoàn toàn dung dịch D.
c,Tính pH của dung dịch D
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\(n_{KOH}=0.1\cdot1=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.1\cdot0.5=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
\(0.05.......0.05.......0.05\)
Dung dịch D : 0.05 (mol) KOH , 0.05 (mol) KCl
\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0.05+0.05}{0.1+0.1}=0.5\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0.05}{0.2}=0.25\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0.05}{0.2}=0.25\left(M\right)\)
\(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
\(0.05.........0.025\)
\(V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.025}{1}=0.025\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{KOH}=0.1\cdot1=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0.3\cdot0.5=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+H_2O\)
\(0.1..........0.05...............0.05\)
Dung dịch D : 0.05 (mol) K2SO4 , 0.1 (mol) H2SO4
\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0.05\cdot2}{0.1+0.3}=0.25\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0.1\cdot2}{0.1+0.3}=0.5\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0.05+0.1}{0.1+0.3}=0.375\left(M\right)\)
\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+H_2O\)
\(0.2..................0.1\)
\(V_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0.2}{1}=0.2\left(l\right)\)
a) \(n_{NaOH}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{HNO_3}=0,2.0,5=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(NaOH+HNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+H_2O\)
0,2.............0,1
Lập tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\) => Sau phản ứng NaOH dư
Dung dịch D gồm NaNO3 và NaOH dư
\(n_{NaNO_3}=n_{HNO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH\left(pứ\right)}=n_{HNO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=0,2-0,1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Ion trong dung dịch D : Na+ , NO3-, OH-
\(\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,1+0,1}{0,2}=1M\)
\(\left[NO_3^-\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
\(\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
b)Trong dung dịch D chỉ có NaOH dư phản ứng
\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O\)
0,1................0,05
=> \(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05}{1}=0,05\left(l\right)\)
a)
$KOH + HCl \to KCl + H_2O$
$n_{KOH} = 0,3(mol) < n_{HCl} = 1,05(mol)$ nên HCl dư
$n_{HCl\ dư} = 1,05 -0 ,3 = 0,75(mol)$
$n_{KCl} = n_{KOH} = 0,3(mol)$
$V_{dd} = 0,3+ 0,7 = 1(lít)$
Suy ra :
$[K^+] = \dfrac{0,3}{1} = 0,3M$
$[Cl^-] = \dfrac{0,75 + 0,3}{1} = 1,05M$
$[H^+] = \dfrac{0,75}{1} = 0,75M$
b)
$Ba(OH)_2 + 2HCl \to BaCl_2 + 2H_2O$
$n_{Ba(OH)_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,375(mol)$
$V_{Ba(OH)_2} = \dfrac{0,375}{1,5} = 0,25(lít)$
\(n_{KOH}=0.3\cdot1=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.7\cdot1.5=1.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
\(0.3...........0.3..........0.3\)
Dung dịch D gồm : 0.3 (mol) KCl , 0.75 (mol) HCl dư
\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0.3}{0.3+0.7}=0.3\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0.3+0.75}{0.3+0.7}=1.05\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0.75}{0.3+0.7}=0.75\left(M\right)\)
\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)
\(0.375..................0.75\)
\(V_{dd_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0.375}{1.5}=0.25\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0.1\cdot0.1=0.01\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{KOH}=0.1\cdot0.1=0.01\left(mol\right)\)
\(V=0.1+0.1=0.2\left(l\right)\)
\(\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01}{0.2}=0.05\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01}{0.2}=0.05\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0.01+0.01}{0.2}=0.1\left(M\right)\)
\(b.\)
\(pH=14+log\left[OH^-\right]=14+log\left(0.1\right)=13\)
\(c.\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
\(0.02........0.02\)
\(V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.02}{1}=0.02\left(l\right)\)
\(a.\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0.1\cdot0.1=0.01\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{KOH}=0.1\cdot0.1=0.01\left(mol\right)\)
\(V=0.1+0.1=0.2\left(l\right)\)
\(\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01}{0.2}=0.05\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01}{0.2}=0.05\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[OH^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01+0.01}{0.2}=0.1\left(M\right)\)
\(b.\)
\(pH=14+log\left(0.1\right)=13\)
\(c.\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
\(0.02.......0.02\)
\(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.02}{1}=0.02\left(l\right)\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=0,1\cdot0,1=n_{KOH}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{OH^-}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na^+}=n_{K^+}=0,01\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,2}=0,1\left(M\right)\\\left[Na^+\right]=\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0,01}{0,2}=0,05\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Ta có: \(pH=14+log\left[OH^-\right]=13\)
c) PT ion: \(OH^-+H^+\rightarrow H_2O\)
Theo PT ion: \(n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,01\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,01}{1}=0,01\left(l\right)=10\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=Cm.V=1.0,1=1mol\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=Cm.V=0,5.0,1=0,05mol\)
Thể thích của dd D là 200ml = 0,2l
\([H^+]=\frac{n_{HCl}+2.n_{H_2SO_4}}{V}=\frac{0,1+0,1}{0,2}=1M\)
\([Cl^-]=\frac{n_{HCl}}{V}=\frac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
\([SO_4^{2-}]=\frac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{V}=\frac{0,05}{0,2}=0,25M\)
Khi cho dd D vào \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2\) chỉ có \(H_2SO_4\) tác dụng, tạo kết tủa
\(H_2SO_4+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaSO_4+2H_2O\)
\(0,05....\rightarrow0,05mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=n.M=0,05.233=11,65g\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3.1,5=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
0,2------->0,1--------->0,1
Xét \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,45}{1}\Rightarrow\) \(H_2SO_4\)dư
Trong dung dịch D có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45-0,1=0,35\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,5}=0,7M\\CM_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2M\end{matrix}\right.\)
b
\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+2H_2O\)
0,35<---------0,35
\(V_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,35.74}{1,2}=\dfrac{259}{12}\approx21,58\left(ml\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd.Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{259}{12}.100\%}{10\%}=\dfrac{1295}{6}\approx215,83\left(ml\right)\)
[K+]=[Cl-]=0,25M
[KOH dư]=0,25M
b) 2KCl + H2SO4 ----------->K2SO4 + 2HCl
0,05(mol)---->0,025(mol)
=>vH2SO4=\(\frac{0,025}{1}\)=0,025(lít)
c)pH=-log(0,25)=0,602
(câu c mình không chắc chắn lắm nha bạn!!!)
Cho mình hỏi s [K+]=[Cl-]=0,25M đc z. Mình chưa hiểu lắm