Chứng minh : a , b thuộc Z+
a, \(\frac{1}{a}\) = \(\frac{1}{a+1}\) = \(\frac{1}{a\left(a+1\right)}\)
b, \(\frac{1}{a}\) - \(\frac{1}{b}\) = \(\frac{b-a}{a.b}\)
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\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\)
\(\frac{yz}{xyz}+\frac{xz}{xyz}+\frac{xy}{xyz}=0\)
\(\frac{yz+xz+xy}{xyz}=0\)
yz + xz + xy = 0
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2xz+2yz=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\times\left(xy+xz+yz\right)=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\times0=x^2+y^2+z^2\left(\text{đ}pcm\right)\)
a) Từ giả thiết suy ra: xy + yz + zx = 0
Do đó:
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=x^2+y^2+z^2\)
b) Đặt \(\frac{1}{a-b}=x\); \(\frac{1}{b-c}=y\); \(\frac{1}{c-a}=z\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=a-b+b-c+c-a=0\)
Theo câu a ta có: \(x^2+y^2+z^2=\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
Suy ra điều phải chứng minh
Mấy cái dấu "=" anh tự xét.
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(VT=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\ge\frac{3}{\frac{a+b+c}{3}}=\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
a) Áp dụng: \(VT\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}.\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
b) \(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\le3-\frac{9}{x+y+z+3}=\frac{3}{4}\)
a/ \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\) ; \(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{4}{b+c}\) ; \(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\ge\frac{4}{c+a}\)
Cộng theo vế :
\(2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge4\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
b/ \(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}\ge\frac{4}{a+2b+c}\)
\(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\ge\frac{4}{b+2c+a}\)
\(\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge\frac{4}{c+b+2a}\)
Cộng theo vế :
\(2\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge4\left(\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{2b+c+a}+\frac{1}{2c+a+b}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+2b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+2c}\right)\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a},\frac{1}{b},\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x,y,z\right)\)
\(x+y+z\ge\frac{x^2+2xy}{2x+y}+\frac{y^2+2yz}{2y+z}+\frac{z^2+2zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge\frac{3xy}{2x+y}+\frac{3yz}{2y+z}+\frac{3zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{3}{9}xy\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{1}{3}\left[\left(x+2y\right)+\left(y+2z\right)+\left(z+2x\right)\right]=x+y+z\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z
a)(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)-abc=a(ab+bc+ac)+b(ab+bc+ac)+c(ab+bc+ac)-abc
=a2b+abc+a2c+ab2+b2c+abc+abc+bc2+ac2-abc
=(abc+a2b)+(a2c+ac2)+(b2c+ab2)+(bc2+abc)+(abc-abc)
=ab(c+a)+ac(c+a)+b2(c+a)+bc(c+a)
=(ab+ac+b2+bc)(c+a)
=(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)
a) \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ac\right)-abc=a^2b+abc+a^2c+ab^2+b^2c+abc+abc+c^2b+c^2a-abc\)
\(=a^2b+ab^2+b^2c+bc^2+c^2a+a^2c+2abc=b\left(a^2+2ac+c^2\right)+b^2\left(a+c\right)+ac\left(a+c\right)\)
\(=b\left(a+c\right)^2+b^2\left(a+c\right)+ac\left(a+c\right)=\left(a+c\right)\left(ab+bc+b^2+ac\right)\)
\(=\left(a+c\right)\left[b\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]=\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
b) \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=abc\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\left(a+b+c\right)-abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)(áp dụng từ câu a) )
\(\Rightarrow a+b=0\)hoặc \(b+c=0\)hoặc \(c+a=0\)
Đặt \(a^{2n+1}=x;b^{2n+1}=y;c^{2n+1}=z\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\Leftrightarrow\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\left(x+y+z\right)-xyz=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\)( áp dụng câu a) )
\(\Rightarrow x+y=0\)hoặc \(y+z=0\)hoặc \(z+x=0\)
Mà ta lại có \(a+b=0\left(cmt\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{a^{2n+1}}+\frac{1}{b^{2n+1}}=0\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{c^{2n+1}}=\frac{1}{c^{2n+1}}\)(luôn đúng)
Tương tự với các trường hợp còn lại, ta có điều phải chứng minh.
\(\)
Nhân cả 2 vế với a+b+c
Chứng minh \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\) tương tự với \(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b};\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}-2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2-2ab+b^2}{ab}\ge0\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab}\ge0\)luôn đúng do a;b>0
dễ rồi nhé
b) \(P=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}\)
\(P=\left(\frac{x+1}{x+1}+\frac{y+1}{y+1}+\frac{z+1}{z+1}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
\(P=\left(1+1+1\right)-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy Schwarz dạng Engel (mình nói bđt như vậy,chỗ này bạn cứ nói theo cái bđt đề bài cho đi) ta được:
\(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+1+y+1+z+1}=\frac{9}{4}\)
=>\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\le3-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
=>Pmax=3/4 <=> x=y=z=1/3
a)\(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{a+1}=\frac{a+1}{a\left(a+1\right)}-\frac{a}{\left(a+1\right)a}=\frac{a+1-a}{a\left(a+1\right)}=\frac{1}{a\left(a+1\right)}\)
b)\(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}=\frac{b}{ab}-\frac{a}{ab}=\frac{b-a}{ab}\)