cho 8,96 lít khí SO ( điều kiện tiêu chuẩn ) tác dụng hết với 500ml dung dịch NaOH 1M . Tính khối lượng muối thu được và nồng độ mol của dung dịch muối .
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,5.1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,5-0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,3.36,5=10,95\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{FeCl_2}=0,1.127=12,7\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
d, \(m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{200}.100\%=9,125\%\)
\(a.n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1mol\\ n_{HCl}=0,5.1=0,5mol\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\Rightarrow HCl.dư\\ n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=0,2mol\\ m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,5-0,2\right).36,5=10,95\%\\ b)n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,1mol\\ m_{FeCl_2}=0,1.12,7g\\ c)V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24l\\ d)C_{\%HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{200}\cdot100=3,65\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
1 2 1 1
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2 (mol)
\(a)V_{H_2}=n\cdot22,4=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(b)m_{ZnCl_2}=n\cdot M=0,2\cdot\left(65+35,5\cdot2\right)=27,2\left(g\right)\)
\(c)400ml=0,4l\\ C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{n}{V_{dd}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,4}=1M.\)
a) PTHH:
Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
nZn = 13 : 65 = 0,2 (mol)
VH2 = 0,2 . 22,4 = 4,48 (l)
b) mZnCl2 = 0,2 . 201 = 40,2 (g)
c) CM HCl = 0,4 : 0,4 = 1 (M)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
\(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Zn}\) \(\Rightarrow n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{20-0,1\cdot65}{81}=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}+n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{4}{15}\left(mol\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=0,1\cdot2=0,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=119,8\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{4}{15}\cdot136}{119,8}\cdot100\%\approx30,27\%\)
c) Giả sử khí là SO2
PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}\xrightarrow[]{t^o}ZnSO_4+SO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{SO_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ag}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeO}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{1,344}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2Ag+2H_2SO_4\rightarrow Ag_2SO_4+SO_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)
a a \(\dfrac{a}{2}\) \(\dfrac{a}{2}\)
\(2FeO+4H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+SO_2\uparrow+4H_2O\)
b 2b \(\dfrac{b}{2}\) \(\dfrac{b}{2}\)
Hệ pt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}108a+72b=11,52\\\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}=0,06\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,08\left(mol\right)\\b=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Ag}=0,08.108=8,64\left(g\right)\\m_{FeO}=0,04.72=2,88\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ag}=\dfrac{8,64}{11,52}=75\%\\\%m_{FeO}=100\%-75\%=25\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(\rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,08+0,4.2=0,16\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow C_{MddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,16}{0,8}=0,2M\)
c, \(n_{NaOH}=1,25.0,5=0,625\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(6NaOH+Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\rightarrow2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3Na_2SO_4\)
LTL: \(\dfrac{0,625}{6}>\dfrac{0,04}{2}\) => NaOH dư
Theo pthh:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH\left(pư\right)}=6n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=6.0,04=0,24\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2SO_4}=3n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=3.0,04=0,12\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{MddNaOH\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,24}{0,5}=0,48M\\C_{MddNa_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,12}{0,5}=0,24M\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,8}{22,4}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(CO_2+2KOH\rightarrow K_2CO_3+H_2O\)
0,125 0,25 0,125
\(a,C_{M\left(KOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,1}=2,5\left(M\right)\)
\(b,C_{M\left(K_2CO_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,125}{0,1}=1,25\left(M\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Câu 1:
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5(mol)\\ a,PTHH:CO_2+Ba(OH)_2\to BaCO_3\downarrow+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Ba(OH)_2}=n_{BaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,5(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{Ba(OH)_2}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5M\\ m_{BaCO_3}=0,5.197=98,5(g)\\ b,PTHH:Ba(OH)_2+2HCl\to BaCL_2+2H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2n_{Ba(OH)_2}=1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{HCl}}=1.36,5=36,5(g)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{36,5}{20\%}=182,5(g)\)
Câu 2:
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{32}{160}=0,2(mol)\\ m_{HCl}=\dfrac{292.20\%}{100\%}=58,4(g)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{58,4}{36,5}=1,6(mol)\\ PTHH:Fe_2O_3+6HCl\to 2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{6}>\dfrac{n_{Fe_2O_3}}{1}\) nên \(HCl\) dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{FeCl_3}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,4(mol);n_{H_2O}=3n_{Fe_3O_3}=0,6(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} m_{CT_{FeCl_3}}=0,4.162,5=65(g)\\ m_{H_2O}=0,6.18=10,8(g) \end{cases}\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{FeCl_3}}=32+292-10,8=313,2(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{65}{313,2}.100\%\approx20,75\%\)