Giúp mình giải mẫu 2 bài này xác định nồng độ các ion Trộn 100 ml dung dikch HCL 0.1M với 300ml dung dịch HCl 0.04M Trộn 100ml dung dịch HNO3 0.1M với 400ml dung dịch H2SO4 0.03M
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a, \(\left[Na^+\right]=0,1\)
\(\left[K^+\right]=0,1\)
\(\left[OH^-\right]=0,2\)
\(\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=0,2\)
\(\left[H^+\right]=0,4\)
b, \(n_{H^+}=0,1.0,4=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-}=0,1.0,2=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+dư}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{200}=10^{-4}\)
\(\Rightarrow pH=4\)
$n_{NaOH} = n_{KOH} = 0,1.0,1 = 0,01(mol)$
$n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,02(mol)$
OH- + H+ → H2O
Bđ : 0,01...0,04..................(mol)
Pư : 0,01...0,01...................(mol)
Sau pư : 0......0,03...................(mol)
$V_{dd} = 0,1 + 0,1 = 0,2(lít)$
Vậy :
$[K^+] = [Na^+] = \dfrac{0,01}{0,2} = 0,05M$
$[H^+] = \dfrac{0,03}{0,2} = 0,15M$
$[SO_4^{2-}] = \dfrac{0,02}{0,2} = 0,1M$
b)
$pH = -log(0,15) = 0,824$
\(n_{NaOH}=0.1\cdot0.1=0.01\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{KOH}=0.1\cdot0.1=0.01\left(mol\right)\)
\(V=0.1+0.1=0.2\left(l\right)\)
\(\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01}{0.2}=0.05\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01}{0.2}=0.05\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0.01+0.01}{0.2}=0.1\left(M\right)\)
\(b.\)
\(pH=14+log\left[OH^-\right]=14+log\left(0.1\right)=13\)
\(c.\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
\(0.02........0.02\)
\(V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.02}{1}=0.02\left(l\right)\)
\(a.\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0.1\cdot0.1=0.01\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{KOH}=0.1\cdot0.1=0.01\left(mol\right)\)
\(V=0.1+0.1=0.2\left(l\right)\)
\(\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01}{0.2}=0.05\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01}{0.2}=0.05\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[OH^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01+0.01}{0.2}=0.1\left(M\right)\)
\(b.\)
\(pH=14+log\left(0.1\right)=13\)
\(c.\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
\(0.02.......0.02\)
\(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.02}{1}=0.02\left(l\right)\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=0,1\cdot0,1=n_{KOH}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{OH^-}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na^+}=n_{K^+}=0,01\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,2}=0,1\left(M\right)\\\left[Na^+\right]=\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0,01}{0,2}=0,05\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Ta có: \(pH=14+log\left[OH^-\right]=13\)
c) PT ion: \(OH^-+H^+\rightarrow H_2O\)
Theo PT ion: \(n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,01\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,01}{1}=0,01\left(l\right)=10\left(ml\right)\)
1) Ta coi H2SO4 điện li mạnh hai nấc.
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,03\) mol; \(n_{HCl}=0,16\) mol
\(H_2SO_4\rightarrow2H^++SO_4^-\)
0,03 -----> 0,06 ---> 0,03
\(HCl\rightarrow H^++Cl^-\)
0,16 --> 0,16 --> 0,16
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=2n_{H_2SO_4}+n_{HCl}=2.0,03+0,16=0,22\) mol
+ \(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,22}{1+4}=0,044\) mol/lít
\(\Rightarrow pH=-lg\left[H^+\right]=-lg0,044=1,36\)
+ \(\left[SO_4^-\right]=\dfrac{0,03}{1+4}=6.10^{-3}\) mol/lít
+ \(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,16}{1+4}=0,032\) mol/lít
2) + \(n_{OH^-}=n_{NaOH}+2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,12\) mol
\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,12}{5}=0,024\) mol/lít
\(\Rightarrow pOH=-lg\left[OH^-\right]=1,62\)
\(\Rightarrow pH=14-pOH=12,38\)
+ \(n_{Na^+}=n_{NaOH}=0,06\) mol
\(\Rightarrow\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,06}{5}=0,012\) mol/lít
+ \(n_{Ba^{2+}}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,03\) mol
\(\Rightarrow\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{0,03}{5}=0,006\) mol/lít
\(pH=2\Rightarrow\left[H^+_{dư}\right]=10^{-2}\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=10^{-2}\left(V+0,4\right)\)
\(n_{H^+}=2.0,0375.0,4+0,0125.0,4=0,035\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-}=0,3V\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow0,035+0,3V=10^{-2}\left(V+0,4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V=33,1\left(l\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow V=\)
\(n_{H^+}=0,1.2.0,2=0,04\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,04}{0,2+0,1}\approx0,13M\)
\(n_{SO_4^{2-}}=0,2.0,1+0,3.0,1=0,05\Rightarrow\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0,05}{0,2+0,1}\approx0,17M\)
\(n_{Na^+}=0,3.0,1.2=0,06\Rightarrow\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,06}{0,2+0,1}\approx0,2M\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,1.0,1=0,01\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=0,3.0,04=0,012\left(mol\right)\)
Dung dịch gồm H+ và Cl-
\(n_{H^+}=0,01+0,012=0,022\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,022}{0,4}=0,055M\)
\(n_{Cl^-}=0,01+0,012=0,022\left(mol\right)\)
=>\(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,022}{0,4}=0,055M\)
Trộn 100ml dung dịch HNO3 0.1M với 400ml dung dịch H2SO4 0.03M
\(n_{HNO_3}=0,1.0,1=0,01\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=0,04.0,3=0,012\left(mol\right)\)
Dung dịch sau khi trộn gồm :
\(n_{H^+}=0,01+0,012.2=0,034\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,034}{0,5}=0,068M\)
\(n_{NO_3^-}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
=>\(\left[NO_3^-\right]=\dfrac{0,01}{0,5}=0,02M\)
\(n_{SO_4^{2-}}=0,012\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0,012}{0,5}=0,024M\)