cho a,b là các số dương khác nhau thỏa
a-b=\(\sqrt{1-b^2}-\sqrt{1-a^2}\) CMR a2+b2=1
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\(\left(a^2+b^2-2\right)\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(1-ab\right)^2+4ab=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-2\left(ab+1\right)\right]\left(a+b\right)^2+1+2ab+a^2b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^4-2\left(a+b\right)^2\left(ab+1\right)+\left(ab+1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(ab+1\right)\right]^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(ab+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+1=\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{ab+1}=\left|a+b\right|\) là số hữu tỉ (đpcm)
b) Đặt x = 2009 . Ta cần chứng minh \(\sqrt{x^2+x^2\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2}\) là số nguyên dương.
Ta xét : \(x^2+x^2\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2=x^2\left(x+1\right)^2+x^2+x^2+2x+1=x^2\left(x+1\right)^2+2x\left(x+1\right)+1=\left[x\left(x+1\right)+1\right]^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+x^2\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2}=\left|x\left(x+1\right)+1\right|=x^2+x+1=2009^2+2009+1\) là một số nguyên dương.
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky ta có:
$(a^2+b^2+c^2)(1+1+1)\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq 1$
$\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\geq \frac{1}{3}$ (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$(a^2+4b^2+9c^2)(1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{9})\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow 2015.\frac{49}{36}\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{98735}{36}\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Rightarrow a+b+c\leq \frac{7\sqrt{2015}}{6}$ chứ không phải $\frac{\sqrt{14}}{6}$ :''>>
Ta có:\(a^5+ab+b^2\ge3a^2b\)
Tương tự ta có:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{3ab\left(a+2c\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3bc\left(b+2a\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3ca\left(c+2b\right)}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+2a}}+\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+2a}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{2b+c}}\right)\)
Ta cũng có:\(a+2c=a+c+c\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\sqrt{a}+2\sqrt{c}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{a}+2\sqrt{c}}+\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b}+2\sqrt{a}}+\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{c}+2\sqrt{b}}\)
Đặt \(x=\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{c}};y=\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}};z=\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{b}};xyz=1\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{x+2}+\frac{1}{y+2}+\frac{1}{z+2}\)
Giả sử \(xy\le1\) thì \(z\ge1\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{x+2}+\frac{1}{y+2}+\frac{1}{z+2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\frac{x}{2}+1}+\frac{1}{\frac{y}{2}+1}\right)+\frac{1}{z+2}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{1\frac{\sqrt{xy}}{2}}+\frac{1}{z+2}\le1\)(Đpcm)
Dấu = khi \(a=b=c=1\)
3, \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}=\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}}=\sqrt{\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{a^2}}.\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô si ta có : \(\sqrt{\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{a^2}}\le\frac{a+b+c}{2a}\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}\ge\frac{2a}{a+b+c}\left(1\right).\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta có : \(\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}}\ge\frac{2b}{a+b+c}\left(2\right).\); \(\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}\ge\frac{2c}{a+b+c}\left(3\right).\)
Cộng vế với vế các bất đẳng thức cùng chiều ta được:
\(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2.\)( đpcm )
dấu " = " xẩy ra khi a = b = c > 0
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{a};\sqrt{b};\sqrt{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=1\)
BĐT trở thành: \(\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}+\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}+\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{x^2+z^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(x^2+z^2+y^2+z^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y+z\right)^2\ge\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}\le\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{xy}{x+z}+\dfrac{xy}{y+z}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{yz}{x+z}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{z^2+x^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx}{x+y}+\dfrac{zx}{y+z}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx+yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{xy+zx}{y+z}+\dfrac{yz+xy}{z+x}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\) hay \(a=b=c\)
Từ giả thiết ta suy ra \(a+\sqrt{1-a^2}=b+\sqrt{1-b^2}\to\left(a+\sqrt{1-a^2}\right)^2=\left(b+\sqrt{1-b^2}\right)^2\)
\(\to a^2+2a\sqrt{1-a^2}+\left(1-a^2\right)=b^2+2b\sqrt{1-b^2}+\left(1-b^2\right)\)
\(\to a\sqrt{1-a^2}=b\sqrt{1-b^2}\to a^2\left(1-a^2\right)=b^2\left(1-b^2\right)\to a^2-a^4=b^2-b^4\)
\(\to\left(a^4-b^4\right)=a^2-b^2\to\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2-1\right)=0.\)
Vì a,b dương khác nhau nên \(a^2-b^2\ne0\to a^2+b^2=1.\) (ĐPCM)