Cho 3 số thực dương a,b,c. Tìm GTNN của
\(A=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}+\dfrac{a+b}{c}\)
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
Áp dụng bđt Svácxơ, ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\)
Áp dụng, thay vào A, ta có:
\(A\le\text{Σ}\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "="⇔\(a=b=c=1\)
Lời giải:
a, \(A=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+cb}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=1,5\) (AM-GM với a,b,c\(>0\))
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Chú ý: bn cx có thể cm: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)để suy ra
b, \(B=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{a+c}{b}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b}{c}\)
\(\ge6\sqrt[6]{\dfrac{a}{b+c}.\dfrac{b+c}{a}.\dfrac{b}{a+c}.\dfrac{a+c}{b}.\dfrac{c}{a+b}.\dfrac{a+b}{c}}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Chú ý: bn cx có thể nhóm tổng trên thanh ba nhóm, mỗi nhóm hai hạng tử
a)Đặt \(A=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(A+3=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{c+a}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b}\)
\(A+3=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge\dfrac{9\left(a+b+c\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow MINA=\dfrac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Hi vọng là tìm GTLN:
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử b, c cùng phía với 1 \(\Rightarrow\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow bc\ge b+c-1\).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM ta có:
\(4=a^2+b^2+c^2+abc\ge a^2+2bc+abc\Leftrightarrow2bc+abc\le4-a^2\Leftrightarrow bc\left(a+2\right)\le\left(2-a\right)\left(a+2\right)\Leftrightarrow bc+a\le2\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\le3\).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Schwarz ta có:
\(P\le\dfrac{ab}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}\right)+\dfrac{bc}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)+\dfrac{ca}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{9}.3\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\le1\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1.
Áp dụng BĐT Holder:
\(\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\right)^2\left[a^2\left(b+c\right)^2+b^2\left(c+a\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b\right)^2\right]\ge\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3\)
Mặt khác:
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\ge3\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+abc\left(a+b+c\right)\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left[a^2\left(b+c\right)^2+b^2\left(c+a\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b\right)^2\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+1}}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}}=x>0\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3x}{2}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{3x^2+1}}\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(P\ge\dfrac{7}{2}\)
Thật vậy, với \(x\ge\dfrac{7}{3}\Rightarrow P>\dfrac{3x}{2}\ge\dfrac{7}{2}\) (đúng)
Với \(0< x\le\dfrac{7}{3}\) ta cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{3x}{2}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{3x^2+1}}\ge\dfrac{7}{2}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{3x^2+1}}\ge\dfrac{7-3x}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow64\ge\left(7-3x\right)^2\left(3x^2+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-1\right)^2\left(-9x^2+24x+5\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2\left[3x\left(7-3x\right)+3x+5\right]\ge0\) (đúng)
Vậy \(P_{min}=\dfrac{7}{2}\) khi \(x=1\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cosi ta có :
\(\frac{a}{b+c} + \frac{b+c}{4a} \geq 1;\frac{b}{c+a} + \frac{c+a}{4b} \geq 1;\frac{c}{a+b} + \frac{a+b}{4c} \geq 1\)
\(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b} \geq 2;\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{c} \geq 2;\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a} \geq 2\)
\(\Rightarrow A=( \frac{a}{b+c} + \frac{b+c}{4a} +\frac{b}{c+a} + \frac{c+a}{4b} +\frac{c}{a+b} + \frac{a+b}{4c}) +\frac{3}{4}(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{c} +\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a} )\)
\(\geq 1+1+1+\frac{3}{4} (2+2+2)=\frac{15}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c>0