cho a,b,c >0 thoa man a+b+c=3.chung minh (a^2+bc)/(b+ca) + (b^2+ca)/(c+ab) + (c^2+ab)/(a+bc) ≥ 3
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Cho 3 so a,b,c khac 0 thoa man ab/a+b=bc/b+c=ca/c+a
Tinh gia tri cua bieu thuc M=ab+bc+ca/a^2+b^2+c^2
Từ \(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}=\dfrac{bc}{b+c}=\dfrac{ca}{c+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}=\dfrac{b+c}{bc}=\dfrac{c+a}{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{ab}+\dfrac{b}{ab}=\dfrac{b}{bc}+\dfrac{c}{bc}=\dfrac{c}{ca}+\dfrac{a}{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{b}\\\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}\\\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{c}\\\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{a}\\\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{b}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{c}\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Khi đó: \(M=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{1\cdot1+1\cdot1+1\cdot1}{1^2+1^2+1^2}=\dfrac{3}{3}=1\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{ab+ac}{2}=\frac{ba+bc}{3}=\frac{ca+cb}{4}=\frac{\left(ab+ac\right)+\left(ba+bc\right)-\left(ca+cb\right)}{2+3-4}=\frac{2ab}{1}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{ab+ac}{2}=\frac{bc+ba}{3}=\frac{ca+cb}{4}=\frac{2bc}{5}\)
\(\frac{ab+ac}{2}=\frac{ba+bc}{3}=\frac{ca+cb}{4}=\frac{2ac}{3}\)
Do đó \(\frac{2ab}{1}=\frac{2bc}{5}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{1}=\frac{c}{5}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{3}=\frac{c}{15}\)
\(\frac{2bc}{5}=\frac{2ac}{3}\Rightarrow\frac{b}{5}=\frac{a}{3}\)
Do vậy \(\frac{a}{3}=\frac{b}{5}=\frac{c}{15}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
ab+ac2=ba+bc3=ca+cb4=(ab+ac)+(ba+bc)−(ca+cb)2+3−4=2ab1ab+ac2=ba+bc3=ca+cb4=(ab+ac)+(ba+bc)−(ca+cb)2+3−4=2ab1
Tương tự ab+ac2=bc+ba3=ca+cb4=2bc5ab+ac2=bc+ba3=ca+cb4=2bc5
ab+ac2=ba+bc3=ca+cb4=2ac3ab+ac2=ba+bc3=ca+cb4=2ac3
Do đó 2ab1=2bc5⇒a1=c5⇒a3=c152ab1=2bc5⇒a1=c5⇒a3=c15
2bc5=2ac3⇒b5=a32bc5=2ac3⇒b5=a3
Do vậy a3=b5=c15
Biến đổi tương đương:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc\ge3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+ac+bc}\ge3\)
b/ \(VT=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+ac+bc}+\frac{ab+ac+bc}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}+\frac{ab+ac+bc}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}+2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}\ge\frac{8.3}{9}+\frac{2}{3}=\frac{10}{3}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)