hoà tan hết 11,1 g hỗn hợp X gồm al và fe vào 245 g dung dịch H2SO4 25% . sau khi phản ứng thu dc dung dịch Y và 6,72 lít H2 ở đktc.
a) tính % về khối lượng của mỗi kim loại trong X
b) tính C% các chất tan trong X
mng giúp mình với ạ. mình cần gấp
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$a)PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2$
$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225(mol)$
$\Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,15(mol)$
$\Rightarrow \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,15.27}{9,45}.100\%\approx 42,86\%$
$\Rightarrow \%m_{Cu}=100-42,86=57,14\%$
$b)$ Theo PT: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,45(mol)$
$\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,45.110\%}{0,5}=0,99M$
\(2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Al}=a;n_{Fe}=b\\ 27a+56b=8,3\\ 1,5a+b=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\\ a=b=0,1\\ m_{Al}=27\cdot0,1=2,7g\\ m_{Fe}=8,3-2,7=5,6g\\ a=\dfrac{3a+2b}{500}\cdot36,5=3,65\%\\ m_{ddsau}=508,3-0,25\cdot2=507,8g\\ C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{133,5a}{507,8}=2,63\%\\ C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{127b}{507,8}=2,50\%\)
nH2= 0,15(mol)
mHCl= 146.20%=29,2(g) => nHCl=0,8(mol)
a) PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
x____________2x____x_______x(mol)
Fe +2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
y____2y____y_____y(mol)
Vì nH2< nHCl/2 -> HCl dư
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+56y=6,8\\x+y=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mMg=0,05.24=1,2(g)
=>%mMg=(1,2/6,8).100=17,647%
=>%mFe=82,353%
b) mddY= 6,8+ 146 - (2x+2y)= 6,8+146 - (2.0,05+2.0,1)= 152,5(g)
mFeCl2=0,1.127=12,7(g)
mMgCl2=0,05.95= 4,75(g)
mHCl(dư)= 29,2 - (2x+2y).36,5= 18,25(g)
=>C%ddFeCl2= (12,7/152,5).100=8,328%
C%ddHCl(dư)= (18,25/152,5).100=11,967%
C%ddMgCl2= (4,75/152,5).100=3,115%
a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a---->1,5a--------------------------->1,5a
Mg + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + H2
b------>b----------------------->b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=6,3\\1,5a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{6,3}=42,86\%\\\%m_{Mg}=100\%-42,86\%=57,14\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.1,5+0,15=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6\left(l\right)=600\left(ml\right)\)
c, đề yêu cầu jv?
a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow27a+24b=1,26\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,344}{22,4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(3a+2b=0,12\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=n_{Al}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\b=n_{Mg}=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,02\cdot27}{1,26}\cdot100\%\approx42,86\%\\\%m_{Mg}=57,14\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,02\cdot133,5=2,67\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2}=0,03\cdot95=2,85\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=40\cdot1,25=50\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,06\cdot2=0,12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=51,14\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2,67}{51,14}\cdot100\%\approx5,22\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{2,85}{51,14}\cdot100\%\approx5,57\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, \(m_{hh}=m_{Al}+m_{Fe}=27n_{Al}+56n_{Fe}=11,1\left(I\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Theo PTHH : \(\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=n_{H2}=0,3\left(II\right)\)
- Giair 1 và 2 => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,1\\n_{Fe}=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\) mol
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=2,7g\left(24,32\%\right)\\m_{Fe}=8,4g\left(75,68\%\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, - Theo PTHH : \(n_{H2SO4du}=n_{H2SO4}-n_{H2SO4pu}=0,325mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H2SO4du}=31,85g\)
Ta có ; \(m_{dd}=m_{ddH2SO4}+m_{hh}-m_{H2}=255,5g\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{m}{mdd}.100\%=12,46\%\\C\%_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=\dfrac{m}{mdd}.100\%=6,7\%\\C\%_{FeSO4}=\dfrac{m}{mdd}.100\%=8,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
2Al+3H2SO4→Al2(SO4)3+3H2
Fe+H2SO4→FeSO4+H2
a,nH2=\(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}\)=0,3(mol)
Gọi số mol của Al là x, số mol của Fe là y
Ta có :
27x+56y=11,1 (1)
1,5a+b=0,3 (2)
Từ (1),(2) ⇒x=0,1 ; y=0,15
%mAl=\(\dfrac{0,1.27}{11,1}.100\)=24,32%
%mFe=100%−24,32%=75,68%
b,nH2SO4=\(\dfrac{245.25\%}{98}\)=0,625(mol)
⇒nH2SO4.trong.Y=0,625−0,3=0,325(mol)
mdd(spu)=11,1+245−0,3.2=255,5(g)
nAl2(SO4)3=0,05(mol)
nFeSO4=0,15(mol)
⇒C%H2SO4=12,47%
C%Al2(SO4)3=6,2%
C%FeSO4=8,92%