Tính nhanh: 1/1*2+1/2*3+1/3*4+...+1/2016*2017
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=1/2 - 1/3 +1/3 - 1/4 +...+1/2016 - 1/2017
=1/2 - 1/2017
=...
1/2:3+1/3:4+1/4:5+...1/2016:2017
1/2.1/3+1/3.1/4+1/4.1/5+...1/2016.1/2017
1/2.3+1/3.4+1/4.5+...1/2016.2017
1/2-1/3+1/3-1/4+1/4-1/5+...1/2016-1/2017
=1/2-1/2017
=2017/4034-2/4034
=2015/4034
=2015-(2015-2016)-2016+22017-2015-22015/22014-(1-4)-3-(5+6)+11
=(2015-2015)+(2016-2016)+22-2+3-3-11+11
=0+0+(4-2)+(3-3)-(11-11)
=2
Cách 1:
Xét số bị trừ, ta có:
(2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2016/2017) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016 + 2016/2017) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) + 2016/2017 x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
Xét số trừ, ta có:
(1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2016/2017) x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016 + 2016/2017) x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) + 2016/2017 x (2/3 +3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) =
Ta thấy số bị trừ và số trừ có số hạng giống nhau là:
(2/3 +3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
Nên phép trừ trên có thể viết lại:
2016/2017 x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) - 2016/2017 x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)
= 2016/2017 x [(1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) - (2/3 +3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)]
= 2016/2017 x 1/2
= 1008/2017
Cách 2:
a)\(=\frac{2017}{2016}.\frac{3}{4}-\frac{1}{2016}.\frac{3}{4}\)
\(=\frac{3}{4}\left(\frac{2017}{2016}-\frac{1}{2016}\right)\)
\(=\frac{3}{4}.1\)
\(=\frac{3}{4}\)
b)\(=\frac{2015}{2016}\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{5}{6}\right)\)
\(=\frac{2015}{2016}.0\)
\(=0\)
Đặt \(S=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2018}}{\frac{2017}{1}+\frac{2016}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2017}}\)
Biến đổi mẫu
\(\frac{2017}{1}+\frac{2016}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2017}\)
\(=\left(2017+1\right)+\left(\frac{2016}{2}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{2017}+1\right)-2017\)
\(=2018+\frac{2018}{2}+...+\frac{2018}{2017}+\frac{2018}{2018}-2018\)
\(=2018.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2018}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2018}}{2018.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2018}\right)}=\frac{1}{2018}\)
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=1/1-1/2+1/2-1/3+....+1/2016-1/2017
=1/1-1/2017=2016/2017
= 1 - 1/2 + 1/2 - 1/3 + 1/3 - 1/4 + ........+ 1/2016 - 1/2017
= 1 - 1/2017
= 2016/2017