Cho x,y,z là 3 số thực dương thỏa mãn
(x+y)×(y+z)×(z+x)=8xyz
Chứng minh rằng x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz3xyz
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Ta cần chứng minh:\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y+z+yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\ge\sqrt{3}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki, ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y+z+yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\ge\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\)
Mặt khác, ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}\right)^2\le3\left(\left(x+y+xy\right)+\left(y+z+yz\right)+\left(z+x+zx\right)\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}\right)^2\le3\left(6+xy+yz+zx\right)\)Lại có:
\(xy+yz+zx\le\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{9}{3}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}\right)^2\le3\left(6+3\right)=27\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}\le3\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\ge\dfrac{9}{3\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{3}\)
Do đó \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y+z+yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\ge\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\).
Ta có : \(\frac{2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{2}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{2}{z^2+x^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{z^2+x^2}=\frac{z^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{x^2}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{y^2}{z^2+x^2}+3\)
Ta lại có : \(x^2+y^2\le2xy\Leftrightarrow\frac{z^2}{x^2+y^2}\le\frac{z^2}{2xy}\)
\(y^2+z^2\le2yz\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{y^2+z^2}\le\frac{x^2}{2yz}\)
\(z^2+x^2\le2zx\Leftrightarrow\frac{y^2}{z^2+x^2}\le\frac{y^2}{2zx}\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta có :
\(\frac{z^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{x^2}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{y^2}{z^2+x^2}\le\frac{z^2}{2xy}+\frac{x^2}{2yz}+\frac{y^2}{2zx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{z^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{x^2}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{y^2}{z^2+x^2}+3\le\frac{z^2}{2xy}+\frac{x^2}{2yz}+\frac{y^2}{2zx}+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{2}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{2}{z^2+x^2}\le\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{2xyz}+3\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 3 số dương, ta được:
\(\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{x}{2}+\frac{x+1}{4}\ge\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}.\frac{x}{2}.\frac{x+1}{4}}=3.\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{y+1}{4}\ge\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}.\frac{y}{2}.\frac{y+1}{4}}=3.\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}+\frac{z}{2}+\frac{z+1}{4}\ge\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}.\frac{z}{2}.\frac{z+1}{4}}=3.\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{x}{2}+\frac{x+1}{4}\)\(+\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{y+1}{4}\)
\(+\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}+\frac{z}{2}+\frac{z+1}{4}\ge\frac{3}{2}.3=\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{1}{z^2+z}+\frac{x+y+z}{2}+\frac{x+y+z+3}{4}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{1}{z^2+z}+\frac{3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{1}{z^2+z}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi cho 3 số x,y,z dương ta có:
\(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy};y+z\ge2\sqrt{yz};z+x\ge2\sqrt{zx}\)
Nhân các BĐT vế theo vế ta được:
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\ge2\sqrt{xy}.2\sqrt{yz}.2\sqrt{zx}=8\sqrt{x^2y^2z^2}=8xyz\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = y = z
<=> x-y=y-z=z-x=0
<=>(x-y)2+(y-z)2+(z-x)2=0
<=>x2-2xy+y2+y2-2yz+z2+z2-2zx+x2=0
<=>2x2+2y2+2z2-2xy-2yz-2zx=0
<=>x2+y2+z2-xy-yz-zx=0
<=>(x+y+z)(x2+y2+z2-xy-yz-zx)=0 (vì x,y,z>0 nên x+y+z>0)
<=>x3+y3+z3-3xyz=0
<=>x3+y3+z3=3xyz (đpcm)