Cho a,b>0 và a2+b2=1. tìm GTNN của T=(1+a)(1+\(\frac{1}{b}\))+(1+b)(1+\(\frac{1}{a}\))
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a) Áp dụng Cauchy Schwars ta có:
\(M=\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}+\frac{c^2}{c+1}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1
b) \(N=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{b+1}+\frac{9}{c+2}\ge\frac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{36}{6}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: x=y=1
a)Có \(a^2+1\ge2a\) với mọi a; \(b^2+1\ge2b\) với mọi b
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+2\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)
Dấu = xảy ra <=> a=b=1
b) Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopxki có:
\(\left(x+y\right)^2\le\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le x+y\le\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)_{max}=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(\left(x+y\right)_{min}=-\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
c) \(S=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)
Với x,y>0, ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) (1)
Thật vậy (1) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+x}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (lđ)
Áp dụng (1) vào S ta được:
\(S\ge\dfrac{4}{a^2+b^2+2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)
Lại có: \(ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2ab}\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+2=6\)
\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=6\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(A=a^2+\dfrac{1}{16a^2}+b^2+\dfrac{1}{16b^2}+\dfrac{15}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\right)\)
\(A\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{16a^2}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2}{16b^2}}+\dfrac{15}{32}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2\)
\(A\ge1+\dfrac{15}{32}\left(\dfrac{4}{a+b}\right)^2\ge1+\dfrac{15}{32}.4\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}-2\right)=\dfrac{1-a+b}{b}+\dfrac{1-b+a}{a}\)
Vì \(a^2+b^2=1\) và \(a,b>0\Leftrightarrow0< a< 1;0< b< 1\Leftrightarrow1+a-b>0;1-b+a>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(1-a+b\right)\left(1-b+a\right)}{ab}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{1-a^2-b^2+2ab}{ab}}=2\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2=1\\\dfrac{1-a+b}{b}=\dfrac{1-b+a}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
1.
Vì x>0 nên \(A=\frac{16x+4+\frac{1}{x}}{2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Côsi cho 2 số dương
\(16x+\frac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt{16x.\frac{1}{x}}=2.4=8\). Dấu "=" khi \(16x=\frac{1}{x}\Rightarrow x^2=\frac{1}{16}\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(A=\frac{16x+4+\frac{1}{x}}{2}\ge\frac{8+4}{2}=6\)
Vậy GTNN của A là 6 khi \(x=\frac{1}{4}\)
2.
\(B=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{a+b}{ab}=\frac{10}{ab}\)
Ta có: \(10=a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\Rightarrow\sqrt{ab}\le5\Rightarrow ab\le25\). Dấu "=" khi a = b = 5
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{10}{ab}\ge\frac{10}{25}=\frac{2}{5}\)
Vậy GTNN của B là \(\frac{2}{5}\)khi a = b = 5
\(P=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}\ge\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{ab+bc+ca}=1\)
\(P_{min}=1\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}-2\)
Do \(a;b\ge1\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\Rightarrow ab\ge a+b-1=2-c\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+c\left(a+b\right)\ge2-c+c\left(3-c\right)=-c^2+2c+2=c\left(2-c\right)+2\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{9}{2}-2=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
\(P_{max}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;2;0\right);\left(2;1;0\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(T=\left(a+1\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\left(b+1\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+a+\frac{1}{a}+b+\frac{1}{b}+2\)
\(=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+\left(a+\frac{1}{2a}\right)+\left(b+\frac{1}{2b}\right)+\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+2\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}\cdot\frac{b}{a}}+2\sqrt{a\cdot\frac{1}{2a}}+2\sqrt{b\cdot\frac{1}{2b}}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2a}\cdot\frac{1}{2b}}+2\)
\(=4+2\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge4+2\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}{2}}\)
\(=4+3\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)