Cho A= \(\frac{1}{4}\)+ \(\frac{1}{5}\) + \(\frac{1}{6}\)+...+ \(\frac{1}{63}\). So sánh A với 2.
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\(A=\frac{1}{2}\times\frac{3}{4}......\frac{9999}{10000}\)
Đặt : \(B=\frac{2}{3}\times\frac{4}{5}\times\frac{6}{7}.......\frac{10000}{10001}\)
Vì \(\frac{1}{2}< \frac{2}{3};\frac{3}{4}< \frac{4}{5};.....\frac{9999}{10000}< \frac{10000}{10001}\)
Nên A<B mà A>0; B>0
\(\Rightarrow A^2< A\times B=\left(\frac{1}{2}\times\frac{3}{4}\times\frac{5}{6}.....\frac{9999}{10000}\right)\times\left(\frac{2}{3}\times\frac{4}{5}\times\frac{6}{7}......\frac{10000}{10001}\right)\)\(=\frac{1}{2}\times\frac{2}{3}\times\frac{4}{5}......\frac{9999}{10000}\times\frac{10000}{10001}\)\(=\frac{1}{10001}< \frac{1}{10000}=\frac{1}{100^2}=0.01^2\)\(\Rightarrow A^2< 0.01^2\)hay A < 0.01
Ta có:
\(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+\frac{1}{8^2}+\frac{1}{10^2}+\frac{1}{12^2}+\frac{1}{14^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}+\left(\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+\frac{1}{8^2}+\frac{1}{10^2}+\frac{1}{12^2}+\frac{1}{14^2}\right)\)
Đặt \(B=\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+\frac{1}{8^2}+\frac{1}{10^2}+\frac{1}{12^2}+\frac{1}{14^2}\)
\(B=\left(\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+\frac{1}{8^2}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{10^2}+\frac{1}{12^2}+\frac{1}{14^2}\right)\)
Giả sử tất cả các số hạng của B đều bằng \(\frac{1}{6^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=6.\frac{1}{6^2}=\frac{6}{36}=\frac{1}{6}<\frac{1}{4}\)
Do đó \(B<\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{4}+B<\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(A<\frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có :
\(\frac{1}{13}< \frac{1}{12};\frac{1}{14}< \frac{1}{12};\frac{1}{15}< \frac{1}{12}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{14}+\frac{1}{15}< \frac{1}{12}+\frac{1}{12}+\frac{1}{12}=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\frac{1}{61}< \frac{1}{60};\frac{1}{62}< \frac{1}{60};\frac{1}{63}< \frac{1}{60}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{61}+\frac{1}{62}+\frac{1}{63}< \frac{1}{60}+\frac{1}{60}+\frac{1}{60}=\frac{1}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow D=\frac{1}{5}+\left(\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{14}+\frac{1}{15}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{61}+\frac{1}{62}+\frac{1}{63}\right)< \frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{20}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(D< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(D=\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{14}+\frac{1}{15}+\frac{1}{61}+\frac{1}{62}+\frac{1}{63}=\frac{1}{5}+\left(\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{14}+\frac{1}{15}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{61}+\frac{1}{62}+\frac{1}{63}\right)\)
Nhận xét: \(\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{14}+\frac{1}{15}< \frac{1}{12}+\frac{1}{12}+\frac{1}{12}=\frac{3}{12}=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\frac{1}{61}+\frac{1}{62}+\frac{1}{63}< \frac{1}{60}+\frac{1}{60}+\frac{1}{60}=\frac{3}{60}=\frac{1}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow D< \frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{20}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy D < 1/2