Chứng minh \(\left(1-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right)...\left(1-\frac{1}{2018}\right)< 1\)
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\(Taco\):
\(A=\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2+3}\right).......................\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2+3+.............+2018}\right)\)
\(A=\left(\frac{1+2}{1+2}-\frac{1}{1+2}\right).............\left(\frac{1+2+3+......+2018}{1+2+3+.......+2018}-\frac{1}{1+2+3+......+2018}\right)\)
\(A=\left(\frac{2}{1+2}\right)...........\left(\frac{2+3+.......+2018}{1+2+3+......+2018}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A+2017.\left(\frac{1}{3}\right).....\frac{2+3+.....+2018}{1+2+3+...+2018}=1.1.1......1=1\)
\(.................................\)
\(\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{4}\right)...\left(1+\frac{1}{99}\right)\)
\(=\frac{3}{2}\times\frac{4}{3}\times...\times\frac{100}{99}\)
\(=\frac{100}{2}=50\)
Ta có:
\(B=\left(1-\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(1-\frac{1}{3}\right).\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right)........\left(1-\frac{1}{2017}\right).\left(1-\frac{1}{2018}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{3}{4}.......\frac{2016}{2017}.\frac{2017}{2018}\)
Đởn giản hết sẽ còn là:
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{2018}\)
a, \(M=\frac{3}{2}\cdot\frac{4}{3}\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\frac{2018}{2017}\cdot\frac{2019}{2018}=\frac{3.4...2019}{2.3...2018}=\frac{2019}{2}\)
b, c cùng 1 câu phải k
ta có: \(A=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2017}-\frac{1}{2018}\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2017}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2018}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2018}\right)-2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2018}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2018}-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{1009}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{1010}+\frac{1}{1011}+...+\frac{1}{2018}=B\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{A}{B}=1\Rightarrow\left(\frac{A}{B}\right)^{2018}=1^{2018}=1\)
A,\(M=\frac{3}{2}\cdot\frac{4}{3}....\frac{2018}{2017}\cdot\frac{2019}{2018}=\frac{4\cdot3...2019}{2\cdot3...2018}=\frac{2019}{2}\)
NHA
HỌC TỐT
= (1/2).(2/3).(4/5).(5/6)......(2016/2017).(2017/2018)
=1.2.3.4.5......2016.2017/2.3.4.5.....2017.2018
=1/2018
\(\left(1-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right)\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\left(1-\frac{1}{2017}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{2018}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\frac{2016}{2017}\cdot\frac{2017}{2018}\)
\(=\frac{1\cdot2\cdot3\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot2016\cdot2017}{2\cdot3\cdot4\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot2017\cdot2018}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2018}\)
Trước tiên ta chứng minh bổ đề: Với x, y dương thì ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x^n}+\frac{1}{y^n}\ge\frac{2^{n+1}}{\left(x+y\right)^n}\)
Với n = 1 thì nó đúng.
Giả sử nó đúng đến \(n=k\)hay \(\frac{1}{x^k}+\frac{1}{y^k}\ge\frac{2^{k+1}}{\left(x+y\right)^k}\left(1\right)\)
Ta chứng minh nó đúng đến \(n=k+1\)hay \(\frac{1}{x^{k+1}}+\frac{1}{y^{k+1}}\ge\frac{2^{k+2}}{\left(x+y\right)^{k+1}}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) cái ta cần chứng minh trở thành:
\(\frac{1}{x^{k+1}}+\frac{1}{y^{k+1}}\ge\left(\frac{1}{x^k}+\frac{1}{y^k}\right)\frac{2}{\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y-x\right)\left(y^{k+1}-x^{k+1}\right)\ge0\)(đúng)
Vậy ta có ĐPCM.
Áp dụng và bài toán ta được
\(2\left(\frac{1}{\left(a+b-c\right)^{2018}}+\frac{1}{\left(b+c-a\right)^{2018}}+\frac{1}{\left(c+a-b\right)^{2018}}\right)\ge\frac{2^{2019}}{2^{2018}.a^{2018}}+\frac{2^{2019}}{2^{2018}.b^{2018}}+\frac{2^{2019}}{2^{2018}.c^{2018}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(a+b-c\right)^{2018}}+\frac{1}{\left(b+c-a\right)^{2018}}+\frac{1}{\left(c+a-b\right)^{2018}}\ge\frac{1}{a^{2018}}+\frac{1}{b^{2018}}+\frac{1}{c^{2018}}\)
\(\left(1-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right).....\left(1-\frac{1}{2017}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{2018}\right)< 1\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\cdot....\cdot\frac{2016}{2017}\cdot\frac{2017}{2018}\)
\(=\frac{1\cdot2\cdot3\cdot4\cdot....\cdot2016\cdot2017}{2\cdot3\cdot4\cdot5\cdot....\cdot2017\cdot2018}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2018}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right).....\left(1-\frac{1}{2017}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{2018}\right)< 1\left(đpcm\right)\)
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