Cho \(a\ge1;b\ge2;c\ge3\)
CMR: \(\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-2\right)^2+\left(c-3\right)^2\le3\left(b-2\right)\)
Tìm Min của: \(P=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{4}{b^2}+\frac{8}{c^2}\)
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\left(a^2+1\right)-1}+\dfrac{1}{\left(b^2+1\right)-1}+\dfrac{1}{\left(c^2+1\right)-1}+4-\dfrac{4}{ab+1}+4-\dfrac{4}{bc+1}+4-\dfrac{4}{ca+1}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-\dfrac{4}{ab+1}-\dfrac{4}{bc+1}-\dfrac{4}{ca+1}+12\)
Mặt khác \(a;b;c\ge1\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\Rightarrow ab+1\ge a+b\) (và tương tự...)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}-\dfrac{4}{a+b}-\dfrac{4}{b+c}-\dfrac{4}{c+a}+12\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\dfrac{4}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{4}{\left(c+a\right)^2}-\dfrac{4}{a+b}-\dfrac{4}{b+c}-\dfrac{4}{c+a}+1+1+1+9\)
\(VT\ge\left(\dfrac{2}{a+b}-1\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{2}{b+c}-1\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{2}{c+a}-1\right)^2+9\ge9\)
a p dg côsi \(a\sqrt{b-1}=a.1.\sqrt{b-1}\le a.\dfrac{1+b-1}{2}=\dfrac{ab}{2}\)
ttuong tu \(b\sqrt{a-1}\le\dfrac{ab}{2}\)
nên vt\(\le ab\)
dau = xảy ra a=b=2
Ta có \(\sqrt{a+b}=\sqrt{a-1}+\sqrt{b-1}\Leftrightarrow a+b=a-1+2\sqrt{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)}+b-1\Leftrightarrow2=2\sqrt{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)}=1\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)=1\Leftrightarrow ab-a-b+1=1\Leftrightarrow a+b=ab\)Vậy nếu \(\sqrt{a+b}=\sqrt{a-1}+\sqrt{b-1}\) thì a+b=ab
\(\sqrt{a+b}=\sqrt{a-1}+\sqrt{b-1}\left(a\ge1;b\ge1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow a+b=a-1+b-1+2\sqrt{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)}\\ \Leftrightarrow a+b=a+b-2+2\sqrt{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)}\\ \Leftrightarrow2=2\sqrt{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)}\\ \Leftrightarrow1=\sqrt{a-1}\sqrt{b-1}\\ \Leftrightarrow1=\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow1=ab-a-b-1\\ \Leftrightarrow ab=a+b\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1+ab}{1+a^2}+\frac{1+ab}{1+b^2}=\left(1+ab\right)\left(\frac{1}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}\right)\)
mà \(\frac{1}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}\ge\frac{4}{2+a^2+b^2}\)( Áp dụng BĐT phụ \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\))
Mặt khác: \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
=> \(\frac{1}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}\ge\frac{4}{2+2ab}=\frac{2}{1+ab}\)
=> \(\left(1+ab\right)\left(\frac{1}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}\right)\ge\left(1+ab\right)\left(\frac{2}{1+ab}\right)=2\)(đpcm)
Chứng minh bằng biến đổi tương đương :
\(\frac{1}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}\ge\frac{2}{1+ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{1+a^2}-\frac{1}{1+ab}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{1+b^2}-\frac{1}{1+ab}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(b-a\right)}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}+\frac{b\left(a-b\right)}{\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a-b}{1+ab}\right)\left(\frac{b}{1+b^2}-\frac{a}{1+a^2}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b}{1+ab}.\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(ab-1\right)}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(ab-1\right)}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)}\ge0\)
Vì \(a\ge1,b\ge1\) nên \(ab-1\ge0\) . Mặt khác vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) nên ta có điều phải chứng minh.
Cách khác:
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{1+a^2}-\frac{1}{1+ab}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{1+b^2}-\frac{1}{1+ab}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(b-a\right)}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}+\frac{b\left(a-b\right)}{\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left[b\left(1+a^2\right)-a\left(1+b^2\right)\right]}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(ab-1\right)}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\) (luôn đúng).
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2+a^2+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)\ge2\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2+2ab+a^2+b^2+ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge2+2a^2+2b^2+2a^2b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a^2+b^2-2ab\right)-\left(a^2+b^2-2ab\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab-1\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng với mọi \(a\ge1;b\ge1\))
Cái phần CMR: \(\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-2\right)^2+\left(c-3\right)^2\le3\left(b-2\right)\) phải là giả thiết chứ nhỉ ??
ĐỀ GỐC BÀI NÀY LÀ ĐỀ CỦA CHUYÊN HƯNG YÊN NHÉ, THẦY CẬU RA LẠI THÔI !!!!!
DO: \(a\ge1;b\ge2;c\ge3\Rightarrow a-1;b-2;c-3\ge0\)
ĐẶT: \(a-1=x;b-2=y;c-3=z\)
=> \(gt\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x;y;z\ge0\\x^2+y^2+z^2\le3y\end{cases}}\)
=> \(a=x+1;b=y+2;c=z+3\)
=> \(P=\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(y+2\right)^2}+\frac{8}{\left(z+3\right)^2}\)
TA ÁP DỤNG 2 BĐT SAU: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+1\right)^2\le2\left(x^2+1\right)\\\left(z+3\right)^2\le4\left(z^2+3\right)\end{cases}}\)
=> \(P\ge\frac{1}{2\left(x^2+1\right)}+\frac{8}{4\left(z^2+3\right)}+\frac{4}{\left(y+2\right)^2}\)
=> \(P\ge\frac{1}{2\left(x^2+1\right)}+\frac{4}{2\left(z^2+3\right)}+\frac{4}{\left(y+2\right)^2}\)
=> \(P\ge\frac{\left(1+2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+z^2\right)+8}+\frac{4}{\left(y+2\right)^2}\) (BĐT CAUCHY - SCHWARZ)
=> \(P\ge\frac{9}{2\left(x^2+z^2\right)+8}+\frac{4}{\left(y+2\right)^2}\)
MÀ: \(x^2+z^2\le3y-y^2\) (gt)
=> \(P\ge\frac{9}{2\left(3y-y^2\right)}+\frac{4}{\left(y+2\right)^2}=\frac{9}{6y-2y^2}+\frac{4}{\left(y+2\right)^2}\)
TA SẼ CHỨNG MINH \(\frac{9}{6y-2y^2+8}+\frac{4}{\left(y+2\right)^2}\ge1\)
<=> \(\left(y-2\right)^2\left(2y^2+10y+9\right)\ge0\) (*)
(CHỖ NÀY CẬU QUY ĐỒNG MẪU SỐ, RÚT GỌN RỒI PHÂN TÍCH NHÂN TỬ SẼ RA ĐƯỢC NHƯ THẾ NÀY, MÌNH LÀM TẮT NHA)
DO: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\forall y\\2y^2+10y+9\ge9>0\left(y\ge0\right)\end{cases}}\)
VẬY BĐT (*) LUÔN ĐÚNG !!!!!!
=> \(P\ge1\)
DẤU "=" XẢY RA <=> \(x=z=1;y=2\)
<=> \(a=2;b=4;c=4\)
Đề cho vậy đó, bn CM cái "giả thiết" giúp mk với:)