Cho 3 số dương phân biệt x,y,z
Biết \(\frac{x-y}{z}=\frac{3y}{x-z}=\frac{x}{y}\)
Chứng minh rằng: x = 2y; y = 2z
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
\(\frac{1}{x^3y^3}+\frac{1}{x^3y^3}+1\ge\frac{3}{x^2y^2}\) ; \(\frac{y^3}{z^3}+\frac{y^3}{z^3}+1\ge\frac{3y^2}{z^2}\) ; \(x^3z^3+x^3z^3+1\ge3x^2z^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2VT+3\ge2\left(\frac{1}{x^2y^2}+\frac{y^2}{z^2}+x^2z^2\right)+\left(\frac{1}{x^2y^2}+\frac{y^2}{z^2}+x^2z^2\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{x^2y^2}+\frac{y^2}{z^2}+x^2z^2\right)+3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^2y^2z^2}{x^2y^2z^2}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{y}{x+3y}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{z}{y+3z}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{x}{z+3x}\right)\ge\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{3\left(x+3y\right)}+\frac{y}{3\left(y+3z\right)}+\frac{z}{3\left(z+3x\right)}\ge\frac{1}{4}\left(1\right)\)
Cần cm (1) đúng. Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(VT_{\left(1\right)}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+3xy+3yz+3xz\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3\left[\left(x+y+z\right)^2+xy+yz+xz\right]}\)\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3\left[\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\right]}=\frac{1}{4}\)
Suy ra (1) đúng BĐT đầu dc cm
đặt a = 2x + y + z; b = 2y + z + x; c = 2z + x + y (a; b ; c > 0)
=> a + b + c = 4.(x+ y + z) => x + y + z = (a+ b+ c) / 4
=> x = a - (x+ y + z) = a - (a+ b + c) / 4
y = b - (x + y + z) = b - (a+b+c) / 4
z = c - (x+y + z) = c - (a+b+c)/ 4
Khi đó : \(VT=1-\frac{a+b+c}{4a}+1-\frac{a+b+c}{4b}+1-\frac{a+b+c}{4c}\)
\(VT=3-\left(\frac{a+b+c}{4a}+\frac{a+b+c}{4b}+\frac{a+b+c}{4c}\right)=3-\frac{1}{4}.\left(a+b+c\right).\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(VT=3-\frac{1}{4}.\left(1+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+1+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+1\right)=3-\frac{1}{4}.\left(3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\right)\)
Với a, b > 0 ta có: a/b + b/ a > = 2
=> \(\frac{1}{4}.\left(3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\right)\ge\frac{1}{4}.\left(3+2+2+2\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)
=> \(VT\le3-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a= b = c => x = y = z
\(\frac{x^3}{2x+3y+5z}+\frac{y^3}{2y+3z+5x}+\frac{z^3}{2z+3x+5y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^4}{2x^2+3xy+5xz}+\frac{y^4}{2y^2+3zy+5xy}+\frac{z^4}{2z^2+3xz+5yz}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cộng mẫu số
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^4}{2x^2+3xy+5xz}+\frac{y^4}{2y^2+3yz+5xy}+\frac{z^4}{2z^2+3xz+5yz}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2x^2+2y^2+2z^2+8xy+8yz+8xz}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^4}{2x^2+3xy+5xz}+\frac{y^4}{2y^2+3yz+5xy}+\frac{z^4}{2z^2+3xz+5yz}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\)
Xét \(\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 3 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2\ge2\sqrt{x^2y^2}=2xy\\y^2+z^2\ge2\sqrt{y^2z^2}=2yz\\x^2+z^2\ge2\sqrt{x^2z^2}=2xz\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng từng vế:
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(\Rightarrow8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\le8\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\le10\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{10\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{10}\)
Ta có: \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{10}\ge\frac{1}{30}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\ge\frac{1}{30}\)
Vì \(\frac{x^4}{2x^2+3xy+5xz}+\frac{y^4}{2y^2+3yz+5xy}+\frac{z^4}{2z^2+3xz+5yz}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^4}{2x^2+3xy+5xz}+\frac{y^4}{2y^2+3yz+5xy}+\frac{z^4}{2z^2+3xz+5yz}\ge\frac{1}{30}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^3}{2x+3y+5z}+\frac{y^3}{2y+3z+5x}+\frac{z^3}{2z+3x+5y}\ge\frac{1}{30}\) ( đpcm )