bài 1: CMR\(\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^3\ge abc\) với a; b; c không âm
bài 2: CMR (ax+by)2 =< (a2+b2).(x2+y2)
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Đặt ⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩a+b−c=xb+c−a=yc+a−b=z(x,y,z>0){a+b−c=xb+c−a=yc+a−b=z(x,y,z>0)
⇒⎧⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎨⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎩a=z+x2b=x+y2c=y+z2⇒{a=z+x2b=x+y2c=y+z2
⇒√a(1b+c−a−1√bc)=√2(z+x)2(1y−2√(x+y)(y+z))≥√x+√z2(1y−2√xy+√yz)=√x+√z2y−1√y⇒a(1b+c−a−1bc)=2(z+x)2(1y−2(x+y)(y+z))≥x+z2(1y−2xy+yz)=x+z2y−1y
Tương tự
⇒∑√a(1b+c−a−1√bc)≥∑√x+√z2y−∑1√y⇒∑a(1b+c−a−1bc)≥∑x+z2y−∑1y
⇒VT≥∑[x√x(y+z)]2xyz−∑√xy√xyz≥2√xyz(x+y+z)2xyz−x+y+z√xyz≐x+y+z√xyz−x+y+z√xyz=0⇒VT≥∑[xx(y+z)]2xyz−∑xyxyz≥2xyz(x+y+z)2xyz−x+y+zxyz≐x+y+zxyz−x+y+zxyz=0
(∑√xy≤x+y+z,x√x(y+z)≥2x√xyz)(∑xy≤x+y+z,xx(y+z)≥2xxyz)
dấu = ⇔x=y=z⇔a=b=c
Sử dụng BĐT: \(\left(x+y+z\right)^3\ge27xyz\Rightarrow\left(\frac{x+y+z}{3}\right)^3\ge xyz\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1+a+1+b+1+c}{3}\right)^3\ge\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}+\frac{1}{1+c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)
\(\frac{a}{1+a}+\frac{b}{1+b}+\frac{c}{1+c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(1\ge\frac{1+\sqrt[3]{abc}}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\Rightarrow\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\ge\left(1+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^3\)
Dấu "=" 3 BĐT trên xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Lại có:
\(1+\sqrt[3]{abc}\ge2\sqrt{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\Rightarrow\left(1+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^3\ge\left(2\sqrt{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\right)^3=8\sqrt{abc}\)Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{b^2c^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{c^2a^2}{bc+ab}+\frac{a^2b^2}{ca+bc}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel(hoặc áp dụng BĐT quen thuộc: \(\frac{p^2}{m}+\frac{q^2}{n}\ge\frac{\left(p+q\right)^2}{m+n}\) 2 lần),ta có:
\(VT=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a^2}\right)}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{b^2}\right)}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{c^2}\right)}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\) (thay abc = 1 vào)
\(=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)
Có: \(VT=\frac{abc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{abc}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{abc}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{ab+ac}+\frac{ac}{bc+ba}+\frac{ab}{ac+bc}\)
Áp dụng bđt \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)được
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Mà\(\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)(Chuyển vế đưa thành tổng bình phương)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge...\ge\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" khi a=b=c=1
Chứng minh bất đẳng thức \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
Có: \(\left[\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{b}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{c}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2\right]\left(\sqrt{x}^2+\sqrt{y}^2+\sqrt{z}^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\) (Bunyakovsky)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
abc = 1 => a^2.b^2.c^2 = 1
\(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{\left(ac\right)^2}{bc+ba}+\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{ca+cb}\ge\frac{\left(ab+ac+bc\right)^2}{2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}=\frac{\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}{2}\)
\(\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{ab.ac.bc}}{2}\)(Cauchy) \(=\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\\frac{bc}{ab+ac}=\frac{ac}{bc+ba}+\frac{ab}{ca+cb}\Leftrightarrow\end{cases}a=b=c}\)
Mà abc=1 <=> a^3 = 1 <=> a=1 => b=c=a=1
https://diendantoanhoc.net/topic/80159-ch%E1%BB%A9ng-minh-frac1a2b3cfrac12a3bcfrac13bb2c-leqslant-frac316/
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