Cho biểu thức P=(a+1)^2+(b+1)^2+(c+1)^2+2(ab+ac+bc); Q=(a+b+c+1)^2. Tính P-Q
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\(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ac\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\)
\(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\)
\(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
mà \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0;\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0;\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\forall a;b;c\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}\Rightarrow}a=b=c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b+1\right)^{2018}+\left(b-c-1\right)^{2017}+\left(a-c\right)^{2016}\)
\(=\left(a-a+1\right)^{2018}+\left(c-c-1\right)^{2017}+\left(a-a\right)^{2016}\)
\(=1^{2018}+\left(-1\right)^{2017}+0^{2016}\)
\(=1+\left(-1\right)+0\)
\(=0\)
Vậy......
P.s: các phần thay a=b=c vào biểu thức có thể thay toàn bộ bằng a hoặc bằng b hoặc bằng c đều được nha
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\(\text{Ta có: }\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bc+ac+ab=0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}bc=-ac-ab\\ac=-bc-ab\\ab=-bc-ac\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow BT\text{hức}=\frac{bc}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{ac}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{ab}{c^2+2ab}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{a^2-ac-ab+bc}+\frac{ac}{b^2-bc-ab+ac}+\frac{ab}{c^2-bc-ac+ab}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{a\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{ac}{b\left(b-a\right)-c\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c\left(c-a\right)-b\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}-\frac{ac}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{ab}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc\left(b-c\right)-ac\left(a-c\right)+ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{b^2c-bc^2-a^2c+ac^2+ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{c\left(b^2-a^2\right)-c^2\left(b-a\right)+ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{c^2\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+ab\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(c^2-ac-bc+ab\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{c\left(c-b\right)-a\left(c-b\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{....}=1\)
Lâu ko lm đổi dấu hơi thừa ra!! ko hiểu chỗ nào thì ib mk giải thích cho
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Lời giải:
$\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0$
$\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac=0$
Đặt $ab=x, bc=y, ac=z$ thì $x+y+z=0$
Có:
$M=\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ac}{b^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2}$
$=\frac{b^3c^3+a^3c^3+a^3b^3}{(abc)^2}$
$=\frac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{xyz}=\frac{(x+y)^3-3xy(x+y)+z^3}{xyz}$
$=\frac{(-z)^3-3xy(-z)+z^3}{xyz}$
$+\frac{-z^3+3xyz+z^3}{xyz}=\frac{3xyz}{xyz}=3$
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 2:
a) \(A=\dfrac{a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\)
\(A=\dfrac{a^3}{abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{abc}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3\right]\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên a + b = -c (1)
Thay (1) vào A, ta được:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(-c\right)^3-3ab\left(-c\right)+c^3\right]\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}.3abc\)
\(A=3\)
b) \(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên b + c = -a
=> ( b + c )2 = (-a)2
=> b2 + c2 + 2bc = a2
=> b2 + c2 = a2 - 2bc (1)
Tương tự ta có: c2 + a2 = b2 - 2ac (2)
a2 + b2 = c - 2ab (3)
Thay (1), (2) và (3) vào B, ta được:
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(a^2-2bc\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(b^2-2ac\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(c^2-2ab\right)}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-a^2+2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-b^2+2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-c^2+2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{2abc}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Mà \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) ( câu a )
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}.3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Bài 1:
a) GT: abc = 2
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+2}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2c}{ac+2c+2}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{abc+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2\left(1+cb+b\right)}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=1\)
b) GT: abc = 1
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{cb}{b\left(ac+c+1\right)}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{abc+bc+b}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=1\)
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a = 2;b= (-2);c= 3
Thay : a+b+c=2+(-2)+3
. =[2+(-2)]+3
=0+3=3
B)vì a và b là 2 số đối nhau nên ta có :
a =2;b= (-2) và là 2số đối nhau vì
|-2|=2
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\(a^2+b^2-ab\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(P=\frac{2a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}\)
\(=\frac{2a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{2a}{a+b}\cdot\frac{2a}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{2b}{a+b}\cdot\frac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{2c}{a+c}\cdot\frac{c}{2\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{2a}{a+b}+\frac{2b}{a+b}+\frac{2a}{a+c}+\frac{2c}{a+c}+\frac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(2+2+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)