Cho 3 STN a , b , c thỏa mãn :
a < b \(\le\)c ; 23<a<30 ; 10 < c < 26
Khi đó b = ...
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\(\Leftrightarrow ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\ge a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c^2b-abc-b^2c+ab^2\right)+\left(ca^2+abc-ac^2-a^2b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(c^2-ac-bc+ab\right)-a\left(c^2-ac-bc+ab\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-a\right)\left(c^2-ac-bc+ab\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-a\right)\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng do \(c\ge b\ge a>0\))
\(a\in\left[-2;5\right]\Rightarrow\left(a+2\right)\left(a-5\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\le3a+10\)
Tương tự: \(b^2\le3b+10\Rightarrow2b^2\le6b+20\)
\(c^2\le3c+10\Rightarrow3c^2\le9c+30\)
Cộng vế:
\(a^2+2b^2+3c^2\le3\left(a+2b+3c\right)+60\le66\) (đpcm)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky ta có:
$(a^2+b^2+c^2)(1+1+1)\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq 1$
$\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\geq \frac{1}{3}$ (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$(a^2+4b^2+9c^2)(1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{9})\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow 2015.\frac{49}{36}\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{98735}{36}\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Rightarrow a+b+c\leq \frac{7\sqrt{2015}}{6}$ chứ không phải $\frac{\sqrt{14}}{6}$ :''>>
Mình xài p,q,r nhé :))
Ta có:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=p^3-3pq+3r=1-3q+3r\)
\(a^4+b^4+c^4=1-4q+2q^2+4r\)
Khi đó BĐT tương đương với:
\(\frac{1}{8}+2q^2+4r-4q+1\ge1-3q+3r\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2q^2-q+\frac{1}{8}+r\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(q-\frac{1}{4}\right)+r\ge0\) ( đúng )
\(a^4+b^4+c^4+\frac{1}{8}\left(a+b+c\right)^4\ge\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Khúc đầu có gì đâu nhỉ: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=\left(a+b+c\right)^3-3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
\(=p^3-3\left[\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\right]\)
\(=p^3-3pq+3r\)
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\(a^4+b^4+c^4=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2-2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\right]^2-2\left[\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2-2abc\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(p^2-2q\right)^2-2\left(q^2-2pr\right)\)
\(=p^4-4p^2q+2q^2+4pr\)
Xem thêm các đẳng thức thông dụng tại: https://bit.ly/3hllKCq
\(DPCM\Leftrightarrow P=a^2\left(b-c\right)+b^2\left(c-b\right)+c^2\left(1-c\right)\le\frac{108}{529}\)
Ta có: \(0\le a\le b\le c\le1\Rightarrow a^2\left(b-c\right)\le0\left(1\right)\)
\(b^2\left(c-b\right)=4.\frac{b}{2}.\frac{b}{2}.\left(c-b\right)\le4\left(\frac{\frac{b}{2}+\frac{b}{2}+c-b}{3}\right)^3=\frac{4c^3}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{4c^3}{27}+c^2\left(1-c\right)=c^2\left(1-\frac{23c}{27}\right)=\frac{23c}{54}.\frac{23c}{54}\left(1-\frac{23c}{27}\right).\frac{54^2}{23^2}\)
Tiếp
\(\le\left(\frac{\frac{23c}{54}+\frac{23c}{54}+1-\frac{23c}{27}}{3}\right)^3.\frac{54^2}{23^2}=\frac{1}{27}.\frac{54^2}{23^2}=\frac{108}{529}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2\left(b-c\right)=0\\\frac{b}{2}=c-b\\\frac{23c}{54}=1-\frac{23c}{27}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=0\\b=\frac{2}{3}c\\c=\frac{18}{23}\end{cases}}\)
Đặt \(\left(a+1;b+1;c+1\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow1\le x\le y\le z\le2\)
\(B=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}+3\) (1)
Do \(x\le y\le z\Rightarrow\left(z-y\right)\left(y-x\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz\ge y^2+zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{z}+1\ge\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{x}{y}\)
Tương tự: \(1+\dfrac{z}{x}\ge\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}\)
Cộng vế: \(2+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\ge\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\) (2)
Từ (1); (2) \(\Rightarrow B\le2\left(\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)+5\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{z}{x}=t\Rightarrow1\le t\le2\)
\(\Rightarrow B\le2\left(t+\dfrac{1}{t}\right)+5=\dfrac{2t^2+2}{t}+5=\dfrac{2t^2+2}{t}-5+10\)
\(\Rightarrow B\le\dfrac{2t^2-5t+2}{t}+10=\dfrac{\left(t-2\right)\left(2t-1\right)}{t}+10\le10\)
\(B_{max}=10\) khi \(t=2\) hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;1\right);\left(0;1;1\right)\)