a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

BTNT H, có: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Theo ĐLBT KL, có: m_KL + m_HCl = m _muối + m_H2

⇒ m _muối = 3,9 + 0,4.36,5 - 0,2.2 = 18,1 (g)

b, PT: \(A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\)

\(2B+6HCl\rightarrow2BCl_3+3H_2\)

Gọi: n_A = x (mol) ⇒ n_B = 2x (mol)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_A+\dfrac{3}{2}n_B=x+\dfrac{3}{2}.2x=0,2\Rightarrow x=0,05\)

⇒ n_A = 0,05 (mol), n_B = 0,1 (mol)

Gọi: M_A = 8y (g/mol) ⇒ M_B = 9y (g/mol)

⇒ 0,05.8y + 0,1.9y = 3,9 (g) ⇒ y = 3

⇒ M_A = 8.3 = 24 (g/mol) → A là Mg.

M_B = 9.3 = 27 (g/mol) → B là Al.

a, Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{13,5}{27}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,5}{4}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\), ta được Al dư.

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{4}{3}n_{O_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇒ n_{Al (dư)} = 0,5 - 0,4 = 0,1 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2O_3}=0,2.102=20,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,015.0,082.\left(25+273\right)}{0,986}\approx3,7274\left(l\right)\)

Theo ĐLBT KL, có: m_KL + m_O2 = m _oxit

⇒ m_O2 = 13,1 - 1,5 = 11,6 (g)

`Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2`

0,15--0,3---0,15----0,15 mol

`n_(Fe)=(8,4)/56=0,15 mol`

`->V_(H_2)=0,15.22,4=3,36l`

c) `CuO+H_2->Cu+H_2O`(to)              

             0,15---0,15 mol

`n_(CuO)=16/80=0,2 mol`

=>CuO dư

`->m_(Cu)=0,15.64=9,6g`

Theo ĐLBT KL, có: m_KL + m_O2 = m _oxit

⇒ m_O2 = 28,4 - 15,6 = 12,8 (g)

\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{12,8}{32}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)

a, PT: \(CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2+2H_2O\)

\(C_2H_4+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CO_2+2H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{CH_4}+n_{C_2H_4}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\left(1\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{CH_4}+2n_{C_2H_4}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CH_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_2H_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%V_{CH_4}=\dfrac{0,2.22,4}{6,72}.100\%\approx66,67\%\\\%V_{C_2H_4}\approx33,33\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=2n_{CH_4}+3n_{C_2H_4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,7.22,4=15,68\left(l\right)\)