a) \(\dfrac{x+2004}{x+2005}+\dfrac{x+2005}{2006}< \dfrac{x+2006}{2007}+\dfrac{x+2007}{2008}\\ \Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x+2004}{2005}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+2005}{2006}-1\right)< \left(\dfrac{x+2006}{2007}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+2007}{2008}-1\right)\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x-1}{2005}+\dfrac{x-1}{2006}< \dfrac{x-1}{2007}+\dfrac{x-1}{2008}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x-1}{2005}+\dfrac{x-1}{2006}-\dfrac{x-1}{2007}-\dfrac{x-1}{2008}< 0\\ \)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2005}+\dfrac{1}{2006}-\dfrac{1}{2007}-\dfrac{1}{2008}\right)< 0\left(a\right)\)

Nhận thấy: \(\dfrac{1}{2005}>\dfrac{1}{2007},\dfrac{1}{2006}>\dfrac{1}{2008}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2005}-\dfrac{1}{2007}>0,\dfrac{1}{2006}-\dfrac{1}{2008}>0\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2005}+\dfrac{1}{2006}-\dfrac{1}{2007}-\dfrac{1}{2008}>0\)

\(\left(a\right)\Rightarrow x-1< 0\Leftrightarrow x< 1\)

Vậy \(S=\left\{x|x< 1\right\}\)

b) \(\dfrac{x-2}{2002}+\dfrac{x-4}{2000}< \dfrac{x-3}{2001}+\dfrac{x-5}{1999}\\ \Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-2}{2002}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-4}{2000}-1\right)< \left(\dfrac{x-3}{2001}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-5}{1999}-1\right)\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x-2004}{2002}+\dfrac{x-2004}{2000}< \dfrac{x-2004}{2001}+\dfrac{x-2004}{1999}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x-2004}{2002}+\dfrac{x-2004}{2000}-\dfrac{x-2004}{2001}-\dfrac{x-2004}{1999}< 0\\ \)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2004\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2002}+\dfrac{1}{2000}-\dfrac{1}{2001}-\dfrac{1}{1999}\right)< 0\left(b\right)\)

Nhận thấy: \(\dfrac{1}{2002}< \dfrac{1}{2001},\dfrac{1}{2000}< \dfrac{1}{1999}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2002}-\dfrac{1}{2001}< 0,\dfrac{1}{2000}-\dfrac{1}{1999}< 0\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2002}+\dfrac{1}{2000}-\dfrac{1}{2001}-\dfrac{1}{1999}< 0\)

\(\left(b\right)\Rightarrow x-2004>0\Leftrightarrow x>2004\)

`24^2 - 25 + (2x + 5)^2 = 0`

Ta có: `24^2 > 25`

`=> 24^2 - 25 > 0`

Và `(2x + 5)^2 >= 0 ∀x `

`=> 24^2 - 25 + (2x + 5)^2 > 0`

Vậy phương trình đã cho vô nghiệm

\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+2}\)

`(x^2 - 4sqrt{3}x + 12)/(x - 2sqrt{3}) (x ne 2sqrt{3})`

`= (x^2 - 2x . 2sqrt{3} + (2sqrt{3})^2)/(x - 2sqrt{3}) `

`= ( (x -2 sqrt{3}  )^2)/(x - 2sqrt{3}) `

`= x - 2sqrt{3}`

`(xsqrt{x} - 1)/(x + sqrt{x} + 1) ` với `x > 0; x ne 1`

`= ((sqrt{x})^3 - 1^3)/(x + sqrt{x} + 1)`

`= ((sqrt{x} -1)(x + sqrt{x} + 1))/(x + sqrt{x} + 1)`

`= sqrt{x} -1`

Gọi số km di chuyển được là x

\(\Rightarrow17+15.x\le300\)

\(\Rightarrow x\le18,9\left(km\right)\)

Vậy hành khách di chuyển được tối đa 18,9km

Gọi \(x>0\left(km\right)\) là số km tiếp theo

Theo đề bài ta có :

\(17000+15000x=300000\)

\(\Leftrightarrow15000x=283000\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{283000}{15000}\approx19\left(km\right)\)

Vậy với \(300000\) thì hành khách có thể đi tối đa \(19\left(km\right)\)

`sqrt{10 + 4sqrt{6}}`

`=sqrt{10 + 2. 2sqrt{6}}`

`=sqrt{sqrt{6}^2 + 2. 2sqrt{6} + 2^2}`

`=sqrt{(sqrt{6}+ 2)^2}`

`= sqrt{6}+ 2`

\(\sqrt{10+4\sqrt{6}}=\sqrt{4.\dfrac{5}{2}+4\sqrt{6}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{5\sqrt{6}}{2}}\)

\(\left(x+2\right)^2-\left(2x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\\ < =>\left(x+2\right)\left[\left(x+2\right)-\left(2x+1\right)\right]=0\\ < =>\left(x+2\right)\left(x+2-2x-1\right)=0\\ < =>\left(x+2\right)\left(1-x\right)=0\\ < =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+2=0\\1-x=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ < =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: ... 

\(\left(x+2\right)^2-\left(2x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)

=>(x+2)(x+2-2x-1)=0

=>(x+2)(-x+1)=0

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+2=0\\-x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Để hpt có nghiệm thì: 

\(\dfrac{m}{4}\ne\dfrac{1}{-m}\Leftrightarrow m^2\ne-4\Leftrightarrow m\in R\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}mx+y=5\\4x-my=1\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m^2x+my=5m\\4x-my=1\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(m^2+4\right)x=5m+1\\mx+y=5\end{matrix}\right.\\ < =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5m+1}{m^2+4}\\\dfrac{5m^2+m}{m^2+4}+y=5\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5m+1}{m^2+4}\\y=5-\dfrac{5m^2+m}{m^2+4}\end{matrix}\right.\\ < =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5m+1}{m^2+4}\\y=\dfrac{5m^2+20-5m^2-m}{m^2+4}\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5m+1}{m^2+4}\\y=\dfrac{20-m}{m^2+4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: 

\(2y=1-x=>2\cdot\dfrac{20-m}{m^2+4}=1-\dfrac{5m+1}{m^2+4}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{40-2m}{m^2+4}=\dfrac{m^2+4-5m-1}{m^2+4}\\ \Leftrightarrow40-2m=m^2-5m+3\\ \Leftrightarrow m^2-5m+3+2m-40=0\\ \Leftrightarrow m^2-3m-37=0\)  

\(\Delta=\left(-3\right)^2-4\cdot1\cdot\left(-37\right)=157>0\\ m_1=\dfrac{3+\sqrt{157}}{2}\\ m_2=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{157}}{2}\)