Lời giải:
Đặt $x+\frac{2}{3}=\frac{a}{b}$ với $a,b$ là số nguyên, $b\neq 0$

$\Rightarrow x=\frac{a}{b}-\frac{2}{3}=\frac{3a-2b}{3b}$

Thấy rằng $3a-2b\in\mathbb{Z}$ với mọi $a,b$ nguyên, $3b\in\mathbb{Z}\neq 0$ với mọi số nguyên $b$ khác $0$

$\Rightarrow x$ là số hữu tỉ.

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1. 

$(3^2-2^3)x+3^2.2^2=4^2.3$

$\Leftrightarrow x+36=48$

$\Leftrightarrow x=48-36=12$

2.

$x^5-x^3=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x^3(x^2-1)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x^3(x-1)(x+1)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x^3=0$ hoặc $x-1=0$ hoặc $x+1=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=0$ hoặc $x=\pm 1$
3.

$(x-1)^2+(-3)^2=5^2(-1)^{100}$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-1)^2+9=25$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-1)^2=25-9=16=4^2=(-4)^2$

$\Rightarrow x-1=4$ hoặc $x-1=-4$

$\Leftrightarrow x=5$ hoặc $x=-3$

4.

$(2x-1)^2-(2x-1)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (2x-1)(2x-1-1)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (2x-1)(2x-2)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow 2x-1=0$ hoặc $2x-2=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}$ hoặc $x=1$

$\Lef

`@` `\text {Ans}`

`\downarrow`

\((3^2-2^3)x+3^2.2^2=4^2.3\)

`=> x + (3*2)^2 = 48`

`=> x+6^2 = 48`

`=> x + 36 = 48`

`=> x = 48 - 36`

`=> x=12`

Vậy, `x=12`

\(x^5-x^3=0\)

`=> x^3(x^2 - 1)=0`

`=>`\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^3=0\\x^2-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

`=>`\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

`=>`\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\pm1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy, `x \in {0; +- 1 }`

\(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(-3\right)^2=5^2\cdot\left(-1\right)^{100}\)

`=> (x-1)^2 + 9 = 25*1`

`=> (x-1)^2 + 9 = 25`

`=> (x-1)^2 = 25 - 9`

`=> (x-1)^2 = 16`

`=> (x-1)^2 = (+-4)^2`

`=>`\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=4\\x-1=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

`=>`\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4+1\\x=-4+1\end{matrix}\right.\)

`=>`\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy, `x \in {5; -3}`

\((2x-1)^2-(2x-1)=0\)

`=> (2x-1)(2x-1) - (2x-1)=0`

`=> (2x-1)(2x-1-1)=0`

`=>`\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=0\\2x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

`=>`\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=1\\2x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

`=>`\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy, `x \in {1; 1/2}`

So sánh lũy thừa bằng lũy thừa trung gian em nhé:

63⁹ < 64⁹ = (2⁶)⁹= 2⁵⁴

17¹⁴ > 16¹⁴ = (2⁴)¹⁴= 56

2⁵⁴ < 2⁵⁶ vậy 63⁹ < 17¹⁴ 
 

`@` `\text {Ans}`

`\downarrow`

`a)`

Thu gọn:

`P(x)=`\(5x^4 + 3x^2 - 3x^5 + 2x - x^2 - 4 +2x^5\)

`= (-3x^5 + 2x^5) + 5x^4 + (3x^2 - x^2) + 2x - 4`

`= -x^5 + 5x^4 + 2x^2 + 2x - 4`

`Q(x) =`\(x^5 - 4x^4 + 7x - 2 + x^2 - x^3 + 3x^4 - 2x^2\)

`= x^5 + (-4x^4 + 3x^4) - x^3 + (x^2 - 2x^2) + 7x - 2`

`= x^5 - x^4 - x^3 - x^2 + 7x - 2`

`@` Tổng:

`P(x)+Q(x)=`\((-x^5 + 5x^4 + 2x^2 + 2x - 4) + (x^5 - x^4 - x^3 - x^2 + 7x - 2)\)

`= -x^5 + 5x^4 + 2x^2 + 2x - 4 + x^5 - x^4 - x^3 - x^2 + 7x - 2`

`= (-x^5 + x^5) - x^3 + (5x^4 - x^4) + (2x^2 - x^2) + (2x + 7x) + (-4-2)`

`= 4x^4 - x^3 + x^2 + 9x - 6`

`@` Hiệu:

`P(x) - Q(x) =`\((-x^5 + 5x^4 + 2x^2 + 2x - 4) - (x^5 - x^4 - x^3 - x^2 + 7x - 2)\)

`= -x^5 + 5x^4 + 2x^2 + 2x - 4 - x^5 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 - 7x + 2`

`= (-x^5 - x^5) + (5x^4 + x^4) + x^3 + (2x^2 + x^2) + (2x - 7x) + (-4+2)`

`= -2x^5 + 6x^4 + x^3 + 3x^2 - 5x - 2`

`b)`

`@` Thu gọn:

\(H (x) = ( 3x^5 - 2x^3 + 8x + 9) - ( 3x^5 - x^4 + 1 - x^2 + 7x)\)

`= 3x^5 - 2x^3 + 8x + 9 - 3x^5 + x^4 - 1 + x^2 - 7x`

`= (3x^5 - 3x^5) + x^4 - 2x^3 - x^2 + (8x + 7x) + (9+1)`

`= x^4 - 2x^3 - x^2 + 15x + 10`

\(R( x) = x^4 + 7x^3 - 4 - 4x ( x^2 + 1) + 6x\)

`= x^4 + 7x^3 - 4 - 4x^3 - 4x + 6x`

`= x^4 + (7x^3 - 4x^3) + (-4x + 6x) - 4`

`= x^4 + 3x^3 + 2x - 4`

`@` Tổng:

`H(x)+R(x)=` \((x^4 - 2x^3 - x^2 + 15x + 10)+(x^4 + 3x^3 + 2x - 4)\)

`= x^4 - 2x^3 - x^2 + 15x + 10+x^4 + 3x^3 + 2x - 4`

`= (x^4 + x^4) + (-2x^3 + 3x^3) - x^2 + (15x + 2x) + (10-4)`

`= 2x^4 + x^3 - x^2 + 17x + 6`

`@` Hiệu: 

`H(x) - R(x) =`\((x^4 - 2x^3 - x^2 + 15x + 10)-(x^4 + 3x^3 + 2x - 4)\)

`=x^4 - 2x^3 - x^2 + 15x + 10-x^4 - 3x^3 - 2x + 4`

`= (x^4 - x^4) + (-2x^3 - 3x^3) - x^2 + (15x - 2x) + (10+4)`

`= -5x^3 - x^2 + 13x + 14`

`@` `\text {# Kaizuu lv u.}`

a) Ta có:

A = (a - 1)x^3 + 4x^2 + 8x + 1

b) Ta có:

B = mx^4 - 3x^4 + 3

B = (m - 3)x^4 + 3

Vậy đáp án là:

a) A = (a - 1)x^3 + 4x^2 + 8x + 1

b) B = (m - 3)x^4 + 3