a) \(\dfrac{x-4}{15}=\dfrac{5}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-4=15.\dfrac{5}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-4=25\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=29\) thỏa \(x\inℤ\)

b) \(\dfrac{x}{4}=\dfrac{18}{x+1}\left(x\ne-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+1\right)=18.4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+1\right)=72\)

vì \(72=8.9=\left(-8\right).\left(-9\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{8;-9\right\}\left(x\inℤ\right)\)

c) \(2x+3⋮x+4\) \(\left(x\ne-4;x\inℤ\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x+3-2\left(x+4\right)⋮x+4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x+3-2x-8⋮x+4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-5⋮x+4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+4\in\left\{-1;1;-5;5\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{-5;-3;-9;1\right\}\)

a) \(1,28=\dfrac{128}{100}=\dfrac{32}{25}\)

b) \(-3,12=-\dfrac{312}{100}=-\dfrac{78}{25}\)

(3x + 52) ⋮ (x+7)

=> 3x + 52 - 3(x+7) ⋮ (x+7)

=> 3x + 52 - 3x - 21 ⋮ (x+7)

=> (3x - 3x) + (52 - 21) ⋮ (x+7)

=> 0 + 31 ⋮ (x+7)

=> 31 ⋮ (x+7)

=> x+7 ϵ Ư(31)

Ư(31) = {1;31;-31;-1}

=> x ϵ  {-6; 24 ; -38; -8}

\(5^{12}:5^{x+2}=\left(-5\right)^3.\left(-5\right)^7\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{12-x-2}=\left(-5\right)^{3+7}\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{10-x}=\left(-5\right)^{10}\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{10-x}=5^{10}\)

\(\Rightarrow10-x=10\)

\(\Rightarrow x=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{z}{5}=\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z-x+y}{5-3+4}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow x=3;y=4;z=5\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{5}=\dfrac{z-x+y}{3-4+5}=\dfrac{6}{4}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot3=4,5\)

\(y=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot4=6\)

\(z=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot5=7,5\)