Bài làm :

Ta có : \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\left(1\right)\)

Áp dụng BĐT (1) ta có :

\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{d+a}=\dfrac{a^2+ad+bc+c^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(d+a\right)}\ge\dfrac{4\left(a^2+ad+bc+c^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\left(2\right)\)

Tương tự : \(\dfrac{b}{c+d}+\dfrac{d}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{4\left(b^2+ab+cd+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\left(3\right)\)

Cộng các về của các BĐT (2) và (3) ta được :

\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+d}+\dfrac{c}{d+a}+\dfrac{d}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ad+bc+ab+cd\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+d}+\dfrac{c}{d+a}+\dfrac{d}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{2\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2+2d^2+2ad+2bc+2ab+2cd\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+d}+\dfrac{c}{d+a}+\dfrac{d}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{2[\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+d\right)^2+\left(a+d\right)^2]}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}=2B\)

Ta dễ dàng chứng minh được : \(B\ge1\)

Thật vậy :

\(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+d\right)^2+\left(a+d\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+d\right)^2+\left(d+a\right)^2\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)

Dấu đằng thức xảy ra : \(\Leftrightarrow a=c;b=d\)

khó thế tui ko hỉu

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne0\)

- Với \(x< 0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+1}+3>0\\\dfrac{1}{x}-3< 0\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{9x^2-6x+2}+3\right)< 0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\) Phương trình vô nghiệm

- Với \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\) tương tự ta có \(\dfrac{1}{x}-3\le0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}VT>0\\VT\le0\end{matrix}\right.\) nên pt vô nghiệm

- Với \(0< x< \dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\sqrt{x^2+1}+3x=\left(1-3x\right)\left(\sqrt{\left(1-3x\right)^2+1}+3\right)\)

Đặt \(1-3x=y>0\)

\(\Rightarrow x\sqrt{x^2+1}+3x=y\left(\sqrt{y^2+1}+3\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\sqrt{x^2+1}-y\sqrt{y^2+1}+3\left(x-y\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2\left(x^2+1\right)-y^2\left(y^2+1\right)}{x\sqrt{x^2+1}+y\sqrt{y^2+1}}+3\left(x-y\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)+x+y}{x\sqrt{x^2+1}+y\sqrt{y^2+1}}+3\right)=0\) (1)

Do \(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)+x+y}{x\sqrt{x^2+1}+y\sqrt{y^2+1}}+3>0;\forall x;y>0\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x-y=0\Leftrightarrow x-\left(1-3x\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

b.

Theo hệ thức Viet: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2=-3\\x_1x_2=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(T=\dfrac{3\left|x_1-x_2\right|}{x_1^2x_2+x_1x_2^2}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2}}{x_1x_2\left(x_1+x_2\right)}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2-4x_1x_2}}{x_1x_2\left(x_1+x_2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{3\sqrt{\left(-3\right)^2-4.\left(-1\right)}}{-1.\left(-3\right)}=\sqrt{13}\)

\(P=x^2-x\left(15-x\right)+\left(15-x\right)^2=3x^2-45x+225\)

\(P=3x\left(x-9\right)+225\)

Do \(0\le x\le6\Rightarrow x-9< 0\Rightarrow3x\left(x-9\right)\le0\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le225\)

\(P_{max}=225\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;15\right)\)

\(P=3x^2-45x+162+63=3\left(9-x\right)\left(6-x\right)+63\)

Do \(x\le6\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}9-x>0\\6-x\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow3\left(9-x\right)\left(6-x\right)\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge63\)

\(P_{min}=63\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(6;9\right)\)

Bài 1: