a) $n_{K_2O} = \dfrac{9,4}{94} = 0,1(mol)$
$K_2O + H_2O \to 2KOH$
$n_{KOH} = 2n_{K_2O} = 0,2(mol)$
$C_{M_{KOH}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,2} = 1M$

b)

$2KOH + H_2SO_4 \to K_2SO_4 + 2H_2O$
Ta thấy : 

$n_{KOH} : 2 < n_{H_2SO_4} : 1$ nên $H_2SO_4$ dư

$n_{K_2SO_4} = n_{H_2SO_4\ pư} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{KOH} = 0,1(mol)$
$n_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = 0,2 - 0,1 = 0,1(mol)$

$m_{dd KOH} = 1,14.200 = 228(gam) ; m_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = 1,12.200 = 224(gam)$
$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 228 + 224 = 452(gam)$
$C\%_{K_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,1.174}{452}.100\% = 3,84\%$

$C\%_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = \dfrac{0,1.98}{452}.100\% = 2,17\%$

Phân tích: Chất tham gia phản ứng có 1 muối, chất sản phẩm có 1 bazơ. Như vậy ta sẽ liên tưởng đến phản ứng:

muối + bazơ \(\rightarrow\) muối mới + bazơ mới

Ta sẽ có phương trình hóa học sau: \(CaCO_3+2KOH\rightarrow K_2CO_3+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\)

a)

`Zn + H_2SO_4 -> ZnSO_4 + H_2`

`ZnO + H_2SO_4 -> ZnSO_4 + H_2O`

`Zn(OH)_2 + H_2SO_4 -> ZnSO_4 + 2H_2O`

`Zn + FeSO_4 -> ZnSO_4 + Fe`

`Zn + CuSO_4 -> ZnSO_4 + Cu`

\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ ZnO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2O\\ Zn\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+2H_2O\\ Zn+CuSO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+Cu\\ Zn+FeSO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+Fe\)

Số mol của 5 gam \(CuSO_4.5H_2O\) tách ra \(=\dfrac{5}{250}=0.02\) mol

Trong 5 gam \(CuSO_4.5H_2O\) có

\(m_{H_2O}=0.02\times18\times5=1.8\) gam

\(m_{CuSO_4}=0.02\times160=3.2\) gam

\(m_{CuSO_4}\)tách ra \(=3.2-2.75=0.45\)  gam

\(C\%_{dd}\) bão hòa \(=\dfrac{\left(0.45\times100\right)}{0.45+1.8}=20\%\)

\(m_{H_2O}\) trong dung dịch A ban đầu \(=\dfrac{\left(1.8\times100\right)}{100-20}=2.25\) gam

\(C\%_{ddA}=\dfrac{\left(0.45\times100\right)}{0.45+2.25}=16.73\%\)

\(n_C=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_C=0,2.12=2,4\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{3,6}{18}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_H=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_H=0,4.1=0,4\left(g\right)\\ ĐLBTKL:m_A=m_C+m_H+m_O\\ \Leftrightarrow6=2,4+0,4+m_O\\ \Leftrightarrow m_O=3,2\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_O=\dfrac{3,2}{16}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt.CTTQ.A:C_aH_bO_c\left(a,b,c:nguyên,dương\right)\\ Ta.có:a:b:c=n_C:n_H:n_O=0,2:0,4:0,2=1:2:1\\ \Rightarrow CTĐGN:\left(CH_2O\right)_t\left(t:nguyên,dương,t>1\right)\\ Ta.có:M_{\left(CH_2O\right)_t}< 66\\ \Leftrightarrow30t< 66\\ \Leftrightarrow t< 2,2\\\Rightarrow t=2\\ \Rightarrow CTPT.A:C_2H_4O_2\)

Gọi kim loại cần tìm là R

Đặt \(n_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=n_{RCl_2}=a\left(mol\right)\)

`=>` \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=a.\left(M_R+124\right)\left(g\right)\\m_{RCl_2}=a.\left(M_R+71\right)\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

`=>` \(m_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}>m_{RCl_2}\Rightarrow m_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=3,33+1,59=4,92\left(g\right)\)

`=>` \(\dfrac{m_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}}{m_{RCl_2}}=\dfrac{a.\left(M_R+124\right)}{a.\left(M_R+71\right)}=\dfrac{4,92}{3,33}\)

`=>` \(\dfrac{M_R+124}{M_R+71}=\dfrac{4,92}{3,33}\)

`=>` \(M_R=40\left(g/mol\right)\)

`=> R: Ca`

Gọi kim loại cần tìm là A có hoá trị n

PTHH: \(2A+2nHCl\rightarrow2ACl_n+nH_2\)

Gọi \(n_{HCl}=1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=\left(100\%-20\%\right).1=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

`=>` \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1.36,5}{3,65\%}=1000\left(g\right)\)

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_A=n_{ACl_n}=\dfrac{1}{n}n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,8}{n}\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

`=>` \(m_{ddspư}=1000+\dfrac{0,8M_A}{n}-0,4.2=999,2+\dfrac{0,8M_A}{n}\left(g\right)\)

`=>` \(C\%_{ACl_n}=\dfrac{\dfrac{\dfrac{0,8}{n}.\left(M_A+35,5n\right)}{n}}{999,2+\dfrac{0,8M_A}{n}}.100\%=4,973\%\)

`=>` \(M_A=28n\left(g/mol\right)\)

`n = 2 => M_A = 56`

`=> A: Fe`

a) `n_{CaCO_3} = (50)/(100) = 0,5 (mol)`

PTHH: `CaCO_3 + 2HCl -> CaCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O`

Theo PT: `n_{CO_2} = n_{CaCl_2} = n_{CaCO_3} = 0,5 (mol)`

`=> V = 0,5.22,4 = 11,2 (l)`

b) \(C_{M\left(CaCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,5}=1M\)

c) PTHH: `2NaOH + CO_2 -> Na_2CO_3 + H_2O`

Theo PT: `n_{Na_2CO_3} = n_{CO_2} =0,5 (mol)`

`=> m_{Na_2CO_3} = 0,5.106 = 53 (g)`