In ancient times, fires were lit to use smoke as a signal over long distances

1. My dad has just flown from New York.

2. John and Kate have already bought the kets for next week's concert.

3. I have just eaten a ham sandwich.

4. Have you ever been to Italy?

5. How long has Jane known her boyfriend?

6. I haven’t received my magazine yet.

7. Tim has never ridden on a rollercoaster.

8. Has Tina given you your jacket back yet?

9. I have just met my cousin from Canada.

10. Have you seen my keys? I think I have lost them.

11. Briget has already watched this play, so she’s going home.

12. How many sisters have you gotten?

13. Mary has sold her car to a friend.

14. The program hasn’t started yet.

15. I have already seen that film.

16. You have just missed the bus.

17. Has Janet brought the shopping in yet?

18. Yes, I have just finished reading it.

19. Have Tom and Jake ever eaten chorizo?

20. How long has Henry lived in Brazil?

21. I think he has lived in Brazil since 2008.

22. That MP4 has been in the shop window for months.

23. Have you ever sent an email to your aunt?

24. How much have you spent this month on CDs?

25. My sister, Hannah has already finished university.

26. My mum has never worn colorful clothes.

27. Has Paul passed his driving test?

28. Quick! Someone has just stolen my purse!

29. I haven’t taken the photo yet.

30. She’s tired because she has just woken up.

31. I don’t think I have ever fallen in love with anyone.

32. Jeremy has just broken his leg.

33. Have you ever seen such a fantas car?

34. Thank goodness you haven’t left yet.

35. Gerald has been in the national team since 2006.

Traffic jams have appeared in many places of our country. So in the future, many interesting means of transport will be born by humans.

My dream means of transport is skycycling. In my opinion, it will br powered by solar energy and wind energy to avoid pollution and save fuel. Two people can sit on it. We can use it anytime and anywhere. It's won't take a lot of space. I think it will look a big tube. People will pedal to move tubes in skyrails. With the use of morden techndogy, skycycking will be able to help us many things and it will make our life become better. Skycycling will be able to avoid traffic jam, pollution and it help us comtemplate sky more clearly.

And in the future, I hope people will make skycycling is the same as my dream.

Lê Nguyễn Việt Hương bạn tự làm à

I am going to see the zoo next week

Dạng như vậy phải không bạn ??

1.the last time we ate this food was june

2.he hates getting up early on cold days

3. rice is being cut now

4. he is interested in watching football matches

5. you don't have to set off early today

mong mn kết bạn vs mik

Cả hai đề à bạn?

Câu 1:

Canceled fairs, festivals and concerts, closed clubs and theatres: The cultural and creative industries (CCIs) are already economically affected by the spread of the Coronavirus.

Default insurance policies either do not take effect in the event of force majeure or simply do not currently accept insurance claims. Not only organisers are affected, but also agencies and numerous freelancers in performing arts, film and music as well as clubs, fair and festivals, basically all who are active in the broadest sense in the event business. As from now, this will effect in the long run the whole of the CCIs and turns into a unpresented affair with incomprehensible economic and social effects.

ECBN is an advocacy institution for the European culture and creative industries. With this survey, we would to assess the potential impact on our sector in the coming weeks in order to be able to formulate current support and relief recommendations to European Policy Makers. in In the foreseeable future we will then publish these results.

Câu 2:

Fundamentally, systems fail because those in the position of making and maintaining laws, the poliians, put their personal ends before the society that the system was originally built to benefit. If we could somehow remove man’s flaws, or at the least his ability to corrupt basic tenets, the system might have a chance to survive. Unfortunately, things have to massively fail before the cycle starts again, as history has shown. Man yearns to free himself from one ideology only to embroil himself in another and, through his own doings, fail miserably once more — ad infinitum. To paraphrase a great quote, “those who do not learn from history are condemned to repeat it.” The trouble is we haven’t learned a thing, we always repeat it!

One of the devices that best enables corruption to exist and eventually undermine all ideologies is propaganda. One might think that free societies favoring free speech would be the least vulnerable to propaganda. However, this is not the case. Propaganda plays on ignorance, not human intellect per say, but ignorance of issues and facts. Here’s an example:

During the 1920s, in the US, the tobacco industry was troubled by the fact that women smoking was seen as undignified and base. They viewed this as a loss of half of their sales. They hired Edward Bernays the nephew of Sigmund Freud, to address the issue. Bernays, during the 1929 Easter Parade in NYC, hired prominent women to flaunt their smoking. He called the cigarette, the monster that still kills one in five people, the “torch of freedom,” and made sure the press was there to witness and photograph it. The rest is, as the saying goes — history. The irony is that Bernays, knowing about the early reports connecting cigarettes to cancer, would destroy his wife’s cigarettes when he found them in their home. It gets worse, though — Joseph Goebbels employed Bernays’ tacs!

The American public, for the most part, didn’t know about the damage cigarettes caused and cigarette companies weren’t going to ever tell them.

“The conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in democra society. Those who manipulate this unseen mechanism of society constitute an invisible government which is the true ruling power of our country. We are governed, our minds are molded, our tastes formed, and our ideas suggested, largely by men we have never heard of. … It is they who pull the wires that control the public mind.” —Edward Bernays

Scary stuff, but what’s all this have to do with the environment? We cannot discuss the environment without addressing the two main factors that affect it — man, with all his frailties, and government. Is there anyone who thinks the fossil fuel industry wouldn’t employ Bernays’ tacs to diffuse the damage global warming and resulting climate change could do to their industry? The massive negative press and lobbying have worked just the same tacs worked for the tobacco industry. Using propaganda to create doubt is a powerful destructive tool. Donald Trump thinks electric cars won’t work. They won’t work because he wants to prop up the fossil fuel industry. Taxing PV modules isn’t about equity, it’s a fragile attempt to slow down a freight train that’s changing the world. Trump is a propaganda master. Soon after he made his negative statement about EVs, people started blocking charging stations.

Propaganda has worked so well that people with no background in climatology absolutely assert it’s a “hoax” and show disdain for environmentalists. The scientists and massive amounts of data are wrong, but when deniers get sick, the first person they seek out is a doctor, a scientist skilled in the science of the human body! They have been skillfully “educated” in hate and division. Rush Limbaugh is a perfect example of how this works. He’s a “professional blamer” who directs people’s own dissatisfaction with themselves onto others. It works very well — now we hate the poor, now we hate everyone he teaches us to hate. Now we blindly run into the sea lemmings and the great divide of the country widens and adds one more nail in democracy’s and the environment’s coffin.

Pollution is strangling, not just this country, but this planet. Seven billion plus people continually breathe its air and every living thing depends completely on its wellbeing to survive. Here’s where utilitarianism I spoke of earlier comes into the picture. If a society is established on a system of making laws and working for the good of the majority, then why isn’t it acting in that capacity? Does anyone think that the Senate majority leader, Mitch McConnell, isn’t aware of the massive pollution from his coal state? Coal didn’t come back – surprise! Do we honestly think that all the people of Kentucky can do is dig coal out of holes in the ground?

Coal built this country. We all benefitted from the hardworking people who went into those mines and got black lung. They are not stupid. Coal mining is not all they can do. It’s time to teach them how to do something else. Why isn’t McConnell taking major steps in that direction? The system is in failure, and Mitch McConnell has one end — it’s not the people of Kentucky and it’s certainly not the environment.

“McConnell has repeatedly failed to do right by our coal workers and communities. In 2017, McConnell co-authored a high-profile op-ed claiming to support projects that would ‘provide financial, environmental and economic support to hard-hit coal regions.’ However, in a stark contrast to this claim, last year (and the year before that, and the year before that) he failed to win, or even fight for, federal funding for the RECLAIM Act, the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund, and miners’ pension fund. All three of these measures are urgently needed to support a Just Transition for workers and communities in Kentucky.

“The RECLAIM Act alone would have brought $1 billion back to coal mining regions in Central Appalachia. But, despite strong outcry from his constituents — including 16 local governments that passed local resolutions urging his support — McConnell did not push for a vote for these programs that would directly benefit his constituents. Despite his enormous influence in Congress, he did nothing. Much the miners suffering from black lung, he allowed these measures to die without a voice.”

This is one more example of the failure of a system designed to benefit the many but which benefits at most a few. In the end, technology will win out just it is doing with coal. It always does. Renewables are just better, electric cars are just better. The world is going to those new technologies and any nation that hopes to compete industrially in the 21st century must embrace renewable energy aggressively or it will be left behind. Renewable energy statiss of five years ago are old news. Stats of two years ago are old news. Technology keeps improving and getting cheaper. Renewables, un fossil fuels, are technologically rich — they have nowhere to go but up. This is, incidentally, why empires wither and fail. Individual greed and corruption dominate the actions of the state. A government established for the benefit of the people cannot survive on divisiveness and propaganda benefiting the few. Poliians, and there are many, with the sole purpose of fostering their own selfish ends, undermine societies orchestrated to benefit the many. The powerful fossil fuel lobby is doing everything it can to stall renewables, something that should never happen in a healthy viable democracy. But what can we do to protect the environment?

There is no individual, philosophy, polial or religious system greater than the truth. If a system doesn’t stand to reason, it shouldn’t stand.

Gun control is a poignant example of this. We cling to an Amendment written hundreds of years ago by individuals who had no more idea of what the world would be much less what technology would be hundreds of years later than we know what it will be hundreds of years from now. It’s impossible to make infinite laws about any technology, much less weaponry. The flaw here is that the Constitution is an infallible absolute. Man is not capable of infallible absolutes — for that matter, neither is science. Infallible absolutes simply don’t exist in this earthly realm.

No system can survive in a stagnant bubble of inflexibility, void of reason. The truth is in flux, the best man can do is adapt to it. The tree that does not bend in the storm breaks. The planet will continue to roll downhill and continue to pick up speed as it does. There are simply too many people and too much greed driven by great reserves of money pushing that downhill roll.

Science is telling us that we are past the point of return, the planet is no longer savable. I know this is not a popular perspective, but we must face the truth that things the underestimated gravitational losses of icebergs are telling us. I’m not saying we should give up the environmental fight. I still drive an EV and I still run a net-zero-energy house. We can slow down environmental devastation. But the truth is the planet will fall very short of a dying sun — man’s greed and overpopulation will see to that.

Man will always find a way to justify his transgressions and claim his actions in the end benefit everyone on the planet, the environment as well, but trickle-down wealth that never actually trickles down, that illusionary benefit for all never manifests. Propaganda, doubt’s favorite tool, has done massive damage.

Trả lời:

2. a, In spite of

b, though

3. a, because

b, although

4. a, because of

b, in spite of

5. a, although

b, because of

Example answers:

6. a, he hadn't studied very hard

b, he had studied very hard

7. a, I was hungry

b, being hungry

                                          ~Học tốt!~

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