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Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+3a}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+2b+c+c+3a}=\dfrac{4}{4a+2b+2c}=\dfrac{2}{c+2a+b}\\\dfrac{1}{b+2c+a}+\dfrac{1}{a+3b}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{b+2c+a+a+3b}=\dfrac{4}{4b+2c+2a}=\dfrac{2}{a+2b+c}\\\dfrac{1}{c+2a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+3c}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{c+2a+b+b+3c}=\dfrac{4}{4c+2a+2b}=\dfrac{2}{b+2c+a}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo vế ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+3a}+\dfrac{1}{b+2c+a}+\dfrac{1}{a+3b}+\dfrac{1}{c+2a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+3c}\ge\dfrac{2}{c+2a+b}+\dfrac{2}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{2}{b+2c+a}\)
Hay \(\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+2c+a}+\dfrac{1}{c+2a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{a+3b}+\dfrac{1}{b+3c}+\dfrac{1}{c+3a}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô si dạng Engel ; ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+3a}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{\left(a+2b+c\right)+\left(c+3a\right)}=\dfrac{4}{4a+2b+2c}=\dfrac{2}{2a+b+c}\\ \dfrac{1}{b+2c+a}+\dfrac{1}{a+3b}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{\left(b+2c+a\right)+\left(a+3b\right)}=\dfrac{4}{4b+2c+2a}=\dfrac{2}{2b+c+a}\\ \dfrac{1}{c+2a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+3c}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{\left(c+2a+b\right)+\left(b+3c\right)}=\dfrac{4}{4c+2a+2b}=\dfrac{2}{2c+a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+2c+a}+\dfrac{1}{c+2a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+3b}+\dfrac{1}{b+3c}+\dfrac{1}{c+3a}\ge\dfrac{2}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{2}{b+2c+a}+\dfrac{2}{c+2a+b}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+3b}+\dfrac{1}{b+3c}+\dfrac{1}{c+3a}\ge\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+2c+a}+\dfrac{1}{c+2a+b}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{a^3}{2b+3c}+\frac{b^3}{2c+3a}+\frac{c^3}{2a+3b}=\frac{a^4}{2ab+3ac}+\frac{b^4}{2bc+3ba}+\frac{c^4}{2ac+3bc}\)
\(\geq \frac{(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2}{2ab+3ac+2bc+3ba+2ac+3bc}=\frac{(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2}{5(ab+bc+ac)}\)
Theo hệ quả của BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\geq ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{(a^2+b^2+c^2)(ab+bc+ac)}{5(ab+bc+ac)}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{5}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Đặt \(\left(a^{\dfrac{1}{3}};b^{\dfrac{1}{3}};c^{\dfrac{1}{3}}\right)\rightarrow\left(x;y;z\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x,y,z>0\\xyz=1\\\left(a^3;b^3;c^3\right)\rightarrow\left(x^9;y^9;z^9\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2x^9+3x^3+2}+\dfrac{1}{2y^9+3y^3+2}+\dfrac{1}{2z^9+3z^3+2}\ge\dfrac{3}{7}\)
Ta có BĐT: \(\dfrac{1}{2x^9+3x^3+2}\ge\dfrac{3}{7\left(x^{12}+x^6+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(7x^9+x^6+8x^3-1\right)}{7\left(x^6-x^3+1\right)\left(x^6+x^3+1\right)\left(2x^9+3x^3+2\right)}\ge0\) *Đúng*
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{3}{7}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^{12}+x^6+1}+\dfrac{1}{y^{12}+y^6+1}+\dfrac{1}{z^{12}+z^6+1}\right)\)
Cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{1}{x^{12}+x^6+1}+\dfrac{1}{y^{12}+y^6+1}+\dfrac{1}{z^{12}+z^6+1}\ge1\)
Đặt tiếp \(\left(x^6;y^6;z^6\right)\rightarrow\left(n;h;t\right)\) thì có:
\(\dfrac{1}{n^2+n+1}+\dfrac{1}{h^2+h+1}+\dfrac{1}{t^2+t+1}\ge1\forall nht=1;n,h,t>0\)
Cái này đã làm rồi Here - còn tại sao lại đặt và có BĐT phụ như vậy thì ko nói nhé :)
Bạn tham khảo lời giải tại đây:
Câu hỏi của Phác Chí Mẫn - Toán lớp 9 | Học trực tuyến
b) \(\dfrac{1}{3a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Tương tự cho 2 cái kia rồi cộng lại
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{6}{a}+\dfrac{6}{b}+\dfrac{6}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}.16=\dfrac{8}{3}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) ... \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{3}{16}\)
\(vì:a,b,c>0\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a};\dfrac{1}{b};\dfrac{1}{c}>0\)
\(Cosi:\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{2}{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\dfrac{4}{2a+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{a+c}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{8}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{1}{4c}.tươngtự:\dfrac{4}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{1}{2c};\dfrac{4}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{2c}.\text{cộng vế theo vế ta được:}\dfrac{4}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{4}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{4}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(\dfrac{1}{x+y+z+t}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{t}\right)\) với các số dương
Ta có: \(\dfrac{4}{a+a+b+c}\le\dfrac{4}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{4}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{4}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\dfrac{4}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{4}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{4}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{\left ( \frac{a}{bc} \right )^2}{\frac{1}{c}}+\frac{\left ( \frac{b}{ca} \right )^2}{\frac{1}{a}}+\frac{\left ( \frac{c}{ab} \right )^2}{\frac{1}{b}}\geq \frac{\left ( \frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ac}+\frac{c}{ab} \right )^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{\left ( \frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc} \right )^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}\)
Theo hệ quả của BĐT AM-GM thì:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\geq ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{\left ( \frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc} \right )^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}=\frac{\left ( \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c} \right )^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Bài 1:
\(P=(x+1)\left(1+\frac{1}{y}\right)+(y+1)\left(1+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
\(=2+x+y+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\geq 2\)
\(x+\frac{1}{2x}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
\(y+\frac{1}{2y}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT SVac-xơ kết hợp với Cô-si:
\(\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{2y}\geq \frac{4}{2x+2y}=\frac{2}{x+y}\geq \frac{2}{\sqrt{2(x^2+y^2)}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
Cộng các BĐT trên :
\(\Rightarrow P\geq 2+2+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}=4+3\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=4+3\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Svac-xơ:
\(\frac{1}{a+3b}+\frac{1}{b+a+2c}\geq \frac{4}{2a+4b+2c}=\frac{2}{a+2b+c}\)
\(\frac{1}{b+3c}+\frac{1}{b+c+2a}\geq \frac{4}{2b+4c+2a}=\frac{2}{b+2c+a}\)
\(\frac{1}{c+3a}+\frac{1}{c+a+2b}\geq \frac{4}{2c+4a+2b}=\frac{2}{c+2a+b}\)
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn :
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+3b}+\frac{1}{b+3c}+\frac{1}{c+3a}\geq \frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{2b+c+a}+\frac{1}{2c+a+b}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Áp dụngk BĐt cô-si, ta có
\(\frac{a^2}{b^2c}+\frac{b^2}{c^2a}+\frac{1}{a}\ge3.\frac{1}{c}\)
Tương tự , rồi cộng vào, ta có
\(2A+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\Rightarrow A\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
^_^