Read the following advertisement and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

MAKING FRIENDS IN THE SKY

“Who will I sit next to? Will they be interesting or will they be really (1) __________?” Are these the questions that you often ask yourself before a (2) __________? But that's all going to change! An airline company has introduced a new system (3) __________ “Meet & Seat”. Now you can choose your “next-door neighbour”. When you book your tickets, you can show your social media profile (4) __________ everyone on the plane. You will also see everyone else's profile. Then you can choose who you want to sit next to. If you want to talk about work and (5) __________ business contacts, look at people's professional network profiles. And if you prefer (6) __________ fun and chat about travelling and shopping, look at their social network profiles!

Read the following leaflet and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

To Save the Planet, Begin at Home!

Let's look at what we can do at home each day to save the planet.

▲ Facts and figures:

Farming with synthetic chemicals has killed insects and (7) __________ animals. Meanwhile, we (8) __________ 80 million cans each day and 45,000 tonnes of plastic packaging each year. These kill up to one million seabirds a year.

▲ Positive action!

- Buy and consume fresh, organic food and drinks, especially things produced locally. This reduces the need for long-distance food (9) __________.

- Don't always buy food that comes in cans or plastic packaging. (10) __________ buying a pre-packaged sandwich, make your own! That helps reduce the (11) __________ of rubbish you produce.

- Reuse packaging where possible. Separate paper, plastic, and metal (12) __________ and recycle them.

Read the following passage about humanoid robots and choose the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Humanoid robots, eminent characters in science fiction novels and sci-fi films, are becoming a reality. Sophia, as an example, (18) __________. One month later, she had her premiere in Texas, USA, and has made multiple public appearances around the world since then. At one such event, Sophia was granted Saudi Arabian citizenship in October 2017 and even became the first Innovation Champion of the United Nations Development Programme later that year. During Sophia's trip to Vietnam in 2018, she addressed the Industry 4.0 Summit and Expo.

Sophia the Robot is the latest humanlike robot created by a Hong Kong-based company (19) __________. Undoubtedly, Sophia together with other humanlike robots represents the rapid advancement in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence. (20) __________.

Sophia's physical appearance is inspired by both the famous actress Audrey Hepburn and the creator's wife. (21) __________. But what makes her more lifelike than other robots is the patented artificial skin called Frubber®, which has the feel and flexibility of human skin.

Sophia amazes the world with her ability to communicate naturally. The Sophia Intelligence Collective, which is a combination of AI and human input, and other sophisticated perception techniques enable Sophia to recognise human faces and identify human emotions and gestures. Equipped with machine learning algorithms, (22) __________.

Read the following passage about endangered languages and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1. There are around 7,000 languages in the world today. However, most people speak the largest languages: Chinese, Spanish, English, Hindi, Russian, Arabic, and others. So what about the smaller languages? According to the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, around one-third of the world's languages now have fewer than 1,000 speakers. We may soon lose those languages completely. In fact, 230 languages became extinct between 1950 and 2010.

2. Unfortunately, when we lose a language, we also lose its culture and knowledge. That's because people in different places have different ways of living and thinking. One example of this is the Tuvan language of southern Siberia. Tuvan people depend on animals for food and other basic needs. Their language shows this close connection between people and animals. The Tuvan word ezenggileer, for example, means "to sing with the rhythms of riding a horse." And the word ak byzaa is "a white calf less than one year old."

3. In some places, people are working to save traditional languages. Many schools in New Zealand now teach the Maori language. This helps connect native New Zealanders to their Maori culture. And Welsh is spoken by around 500,000 people in Wales. The Welsh government is working to increase that number to one million by 2050.

4. Technology offers a possible alternative to saving endangered languages. National Geographic's Enduring Voices project has created "Talking Dictionaries" - the recorded voices of people communicating with each other. All of them are fluent speakers of endangered languages. And because these dictionaries are accessible to anyone on the Internet, people now and in the future can learn some of the vocabulary, greetings, and grammar rules of past languages.

Read the following passage about the urban shift and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1. [I] Global urbanisation has increased significantly in recent decades, and one of the main drivers of this growth has been rural migration. [II] Half of the world's population already resides in cities, and by 2050, experts predict that number to reach as high as two-thirds. [III] Many factors contribute to this global phenomenon, which then gives rise to various issues. [IV]

2. There are many push factors which force people away from rural life. For example, rural residents have fewer employment options because there are not many large companies nearby. What's more, rural jobs are mainly related to agriculture, so crop failures due to natural disasters can make it difficult to earn a good living. By contrast, there are pull factors that attract people to urban life. Urban areas have more industries, so people can easily get good jobs and achieve a higher standard of living. They also offer entertainment alternatives, such as theme parks, sporting and musical events, allowing urban citizens to access leisure activities easily.

3. In the process of urbanisation, rural migration causes various far-reaching impacts on the environment and urban citizens. First, deforestation occurs when city governments have forests cut down to build accommodation for new residents, which harms the environment and reduces air quality. As growing populations bring about more deforestation and pollution, the air quality worsens, which can lead to health issues for residents. Second, due to population expansion, cities are struggling to offer adequate public facilities for urban people. As a result, some low- income people are unable to obtain the necessary affordable housing and end up living in slums, where the quality of life is very poor.

4. Rural migration is a complicated process, of which the causes and the effects should be fully comprehended. By carefully planning city development and suitable social policies, we can provide urban citizens with good public services, exciting job opportunities and a high quality of life without harming the environment.