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b) x2y + x + xy2 + y + 2xy = 9
xy(x + y + 2) + (x + y + 2) = 11
<=> (xy + 1)(x + y + 2) = 11
Xét các TH
+) \(\hept{\begin{cases}xy+1=1\\x+y+2=11\end{cases}}\) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}xy=0\\x+y=9\end{cases}}\) <=> x = 0 => y = 9 hoặc y = 0 => x = 9
+) \(\hept{\begin{cases}xy+1=-1\\x+y+2=-11\end{cases}}\)<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}xy=-2\\x+y=-13\end{cases}}\) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=-13-y\\y\left(-13-y\right)=-2\end{cases}}\)
<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=-13-y\\y^2+13y-2=0\end{cases}}\)(loại)
+) \(\hept{\begin{cases}xy+1=11\\x+y+2=1\end{cases}}\) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}xy=10\\x+y=-1\end{cases}}\) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}y\left(-1-y\right)=10\\x=-1-y\end{cases}}\) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}y^2+y+10=0\\x=-1-y\end{cases}}\)(loại)
+) \(\hept{\begin{cases}xy+1=-11\\x+y+2=-1\end{cases}}\) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}xy=-12\\x+y=-3\end{cases}}\) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}y\left(-3-y\right)=-12\\x=-3-y\end{cases}}\) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}y^2+3y-12=0\\x=-3-y\end{cases}}\) (loại)
\(5x^2+2xy+2y^2-\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)=\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow5x^2+2xy+2y^2\ge4x^2+4xy+y^2=\left(2x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{2z+x}=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{9}{x+x+y}+\dfrac{9}{y+y+z}+\dfrac{9}{z+z+x}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}+\dfrac{3}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=1\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Lời giải:
Xét mẫu thức:
$2xy^2+2yz^2+2zx^2+3xyz=(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2)+(xy^2+xyz)+(yz^2+xyz)+(xz^2+xyz)$
$=xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+xy(y+z)+yz(z+x)+xz(x+y)$
$=xy^2+yz^2+zx^2-(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x)$
$=(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)$
$\Rightarrow (2xy^2+2yz^2+2zx^2)^2=(x-y)^2(y-z)^2(z-x)^2$
Xét tử thức:
$(xy+2z^2)(yz+2x^2)(xz+2y^2)$
$=[xy+z^2-z(x+y)][yz+x^2-x(z+y)][xz+y^2-y(x+z)]$
$=(z-x)(z-y)(x-y)(x-z)(y-x)(y-z)=-(x-y)^2(y-z)^2(z-x)^2$
Do đó: $A=-1$
\(\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+2\left(y-z\right)+1+\left(z^2-6z+9\right)\le0\)
\(\left(2x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z+1\right)^2+\left(z-3\right)^2\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1;y=2;z=3\)
\(1=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\le\sqrt{3}\)
\(P=\sum\frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2}}\le\sum\frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(2x+y\right)^2}}=\sum\frac{1}{2x+y}\)
\(P\le\sum\left(\frac{1}{x+x+y}\right)\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\) khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)