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\(\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)=\left(y+3\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow x\le-4;x\ge4\)
x-4 | 1 | -1 | 0 | |
x+4 | 5 | 3 | 0 | |
(y+3)2 | //// | //// | 0 | 0 |
x | 4 | -4 | ||
y | -3 | -3 |
\(x^2-25=y\left(y+6\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-25=y^2+6y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-25-y^2-6y=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(y^2+6y+9\right)-16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(y+3\right)^2=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left(x-y-3\right)=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+3\right);\left(x-y-3\right)\in\left\{-1;1;-2;2;-4;4;-8;8;-16;16\right\}\)
Ta giải các hệ phương trình sau :
1) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-1\\x-y-3=-16\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-4\\x-y=-15\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-11\left(loại\right)\\x-y=-15\end{matrix}\right.\)
2) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=1\\x-y-3=16\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-2\\x-y=19\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=17\left(loại\right)\\x-y=19\end{matrix}\right.\)
3) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=2\\x-y-3=8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\x-y=11\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=10\\x-y=11\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
4) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-2\\x-y-3=-8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-5\\x-y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-10\\x-y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
5) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-4\\x-y-3=-4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-7\\x-y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-6\\x-y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
6) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=4\\x-y-3=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\x-y=7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=8\\x-y=7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
7) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-8\\x-y-3=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-11\\x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-10\\x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
8) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=8\\x-y-3=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=5\\x-y=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=10\\x-y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
9) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=-16\\x-y-3=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-19\\x-y=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-17\left(loại\right)\\x-y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
10) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+3=16\\x-y-3=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=15\\x-y=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=19\left(loại\right)\\x-y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(5;-6\right);\left(-5;0\right);\left(-3;-2\right);\left(4;-3\right);\left(-5;-6\right);\left(5;0\right)\right\}\)
Bạn chú ý x;y là số nguyên dương, như thế hiển nhiên ta sẽ có x+y>x−(y+6) nhưng mà theo điều giả sử x≥y+6 nên x−(y+6)≥0 với mọi x,y
Lai do x,y nguyên dương nên x+y≥1 Như vậy hiển nhiên là (x+y)^3>(x−y−6)^2 nên pt vô nghiệm
https://diendantoanhoc.net/topic/113122-gi%E1%BA%A3i-ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng-tr%C3%ACnh-nghi%E1%BB%87m-nguy%C3%AAn-d%C6%B0%C6%A1ng-xy3x-y-62/
(1+x2)(1+y2)+4xy+2(x+y)(1+xy)=25(1+x2)(1+y2)+4xy+2(x+y)(1+xy)=25
↔x2+2xy+y2+x2y2+2xy.1+1+2(x+y)(1+xy)−25=0x2+2xy+y2+x2y2+2xy.1+1+2(x+y)(1+xy)−25=0
↔(x+y)2+2(x+y)(1+xy)+(1+xy)2−25=0(x+y)2+2(x+y)(1+xy)+(1+xy)2−25=0
↔(x+y+1+xy+5)(x+y+1+xy−5)=0(x+y+1+xy+5)(x+y+1+xy−5)=0→[x+y+xy=−6x+y+xy=4[x+y+xy=−6x+y+xy=4
Nếu x+y+xy=-6→(x+1)(y+1)=-5(vì x,yϵ z nên x+1,y+1ϵ z)
ta có bảng:
x+1 1 5 -1 -5
y+1 -5 -1 5 1
x 0 4 -2 -6
y -6 -2 4 0
→(x,y)ϵ{(0;−6),(4;−2)...}
\(\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2+4xy\right)+2\left(x+y\right)\left(1+xy\right)=25\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x^2+2xy+y^2+x^2y^2+2xy.1+1+2\left(x+y\right)\left(1+xy\right)-25=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(x+y\right)^2+2\left(x+y\right)\left(1+xy\right)+\left(1+xy\right)^2-25=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(x+y+1+xy+5\right)\left(x+y+1+xy-5\right)=0\) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+xy=-6\\x+y+xy=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
nếu \(x+y+xy=-6\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=-5\)
( vì \(x,y\in Z\) nên \(x+1;y+1\in Z\) )
ta lập bảng :
\(x+1\) | \(1\) | \(5\) | \(-1\) | \(-5\) |
\(y+1\) | \(-5\) | \(-1\) | \(5\) | \(1\) |
\(x\) | \(0\) | \(4\) | \(-2\) | \(-6\) |
\(y\) | \(-6\) | \(-2\) | \(4\) | \(0\) |
\(\Rightarrow\) \(x;y\in\left\{\left(0,6\right);\left(4,-2\right);\left(-2,4\right);\left(-6,0\right)\right\}\)
Ta có \(VP=y\left(y+3\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(y+2\right)\)
\(VP=\left(y^2+3y\right)\left(y^2+3y+2\right)\)
\(VP=\left(y^2+3y+1\right)^2-1\)
\(VP=t^2-1\) (với \(t=y^2+3y+1\ge0\))
pt đã cho trở thành:
\(x^2=t^2-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-x^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t-x\right)\left(t+x\right)=1\)
Ta xét các TH:
\(t-x\) | 1 | -1 |
\(t+x\) | 1 | -1 |
\(t\) | 1 | -1 |
\(x\) | 0 |
0 |
Xét TH \(\left(t,x\right)=\left(1,0\right)\) thì \(y^2+3y+1=1\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=0\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\) (thử lại thỏa)
Xét TH \(\left(t,x\right)=\left(-1;0\right)\) thì \(y^2+3y+1=-1\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) (thử lại thỏa).
Vậy các bộ số nguyên (x; y) thỏa mãn bài toán là \(\left(0;y\right)\) với \(y\in\left\{-1;-2;-3;-4\right\}\)
\(y^2=-2\left(x^6-x^3y-32\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^6-2x^3y+y^2=64\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^6-4x^3y+2y^2=128\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x^3-y\right)^2+y^2=128\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức sau: \(A^2+B^2\ge\dfrac{\left(A+B\right)^2}{2}\), ta có:
\(\left(2x^3-y\right)^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{\left(2x^3-y+y\right)^2}{2}=2x^6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow128\ge2x^6\Leftrightarrow x^6\le64\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2\le x^2\le2\)
Vậy \(x\in\left\{-2;-1;0;1;2\right\}\)
\(\left(x^2+y\right)\left(x+y^2\right)=\left(x-y\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left[2y^2+\left(x^2-3x\right)y+3x^2+x\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}y=0\\2y^2+\left(x^2-3x\right)y+3x^2+x=0\end{cases}}\)
Với \(y=0\)thì x nguyên tùy ý.
Với \(2y^2+\left(x^2-3x\right)y+3x^2+x=0\)
Ta có: \(\Delta=\left(x^2-3x\right)^2-4.2.\left(3x^2+x\right)=\left(x-8\right)x\left(x+1\right)^2\)
Với \(x=-1\) thì \(\Rightarrow y=-1\)
Với \(x\ne-1\) để y nguyên thì \(\Delta\) phải là số chính phương hay
\(\left(x-8\right)x=k^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-8x+16\right)-k^2=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4+k\right)\left(x-4-k\right)=16\)
Tới đây thì đơn giản rồi b làm tiếp nhé.