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?1 . Có . Mẫu thức chung : 12x2y3z đơn giản hơn
?2 . \(\dfrac{3}{x^2-5x}=\dfrac{3}{x\left(x-5\right)}=\dfrac{6}{2x\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{5}{2x-10}=\dfrac{5}{2\left(x-5\right)}=\dfrac{5x}{2x\left(x-5\right)}\)
?3 . \(\dfrac{3}{x^2-5x}=\dfrac{3}{x\left(x-5\right)}=\dfrac{6}{2x\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{-5}{10-2x}=\dfrac{5}{2x-10}=\dfrac{5}{2\left(x-5\right)}=\dfrac{5x}{2x\left(x-5\right)}\)
*Muốn quy đồng mẫu thức nhiều phân thức ta làm như sau:
-Phân tích các mẫu thức thành nhân tử rồi tìm ẫu tức chung.
-Tìm nhân tử phụ của mỗi mẫu thức.
-Nhân cả tử và mẫu của mỗi phân thức với nhân tử phụ tương ứng.
*Bài tập:
\(\dfrac{x}{x^2+2x+1}và\)\(\dfrac{3}{5x^2-5}\)
-Ta có:
x2+2x+1=(x+1)2=(x+1)(x+1)
5x2-5=5(x2-1)=5(x-1)(x+1)
\(\Rightarrow\)MTC:5(x-1)(x+1)(x+1)
-NTP:5(x-1)(x+1)(x+1):(x+1)(x+1)=5(x-1)
5(x-1)(x+1)(x+1):5(x-1)(x+1)=x+1
-Quy đồng mẫu thức:
\(\dfrac{x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)=\(\dfrac{5x\left(x-1\right)}{5\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{3}{5\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{3\left(x+1\right)}{5\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
1)
\(\dfrac{7x-1}{2x^2+6x}=\dfrac{7x-12}{x\left(x+3\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{3-2x}{x^2-9}=\dfrac{3-2x}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}\)
MTC: \(x\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
\(\dfrac{7x-1}{2x^2+6x}=\dfrac{7x-12}{x\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(7x-12\right)}{x\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{7x^2-12x-21x+36}{x\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{7x^2-33x+36}{x\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{3-2x}{x^2-9}=\dfrac{3-2x}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{ x\left(3-2x\right)}{x\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}\dfrac{3x-2x^2}{x\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}\)
2)
\(\dfrac{2x-1}{x-x^2}=\dfrac{2x-1}{x\left(1-x\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{x+1}{2-4x+2x^2}=\dfrac{x+1}{2\left(1-2x+x^2\right)}=\dfrac{x+1}{2\left(1-x\right)^2}\)
MTC: \(2x\left(1-x\right)^2\)
\(\dfrac{2x-1}{x-x^2}=\dfrac{2x-1}{x\left(1-x\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(1-x\right)\left(2x-1\right)}{2x\left(1-x\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(2-2x\right)\left(2x-1\right)}{2x\left(1-x\right)^2}=\dfrac{4x-2-4x^2+2x}{2x\left(1-x\right)^2}=\dfrac{6x-2-4x^2}{2x\left(1-x\right)^2}\)
\(\dfrac{x+1}{2-4x+2x^2}=\dfrac{x+1}{2\left(1-2x+x^2\right)}=\dfrac{x+1}{2\left(1-x\right)^2}=\dfrac{ x\left(x+1\right)}{2x\left(1-x\right)^2}=\dfrac{x^2+x}{2x\left(1-x\right)^2}\)
Phần còn lại nhé :v
3.
\(x^3+1=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(x^2-x+1=x^2-x+1\)
\(x+1=x+1\)
MTC: \(\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{x-1}{x^3+1}=\dfrac{x-1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{2x}{x^2-x+1}=\dfrac{2x\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{2}{x+1}=\dfrac{2\left(x^2-x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}\)
4.
\(5x\)
\(x-2y=x-2y=-\left(2y-x\right)\)
\(8y^2-2x^2=2\left(4y^2-x^2\right)=2\left(2y-x\right)\left(2y+x\right)\)
MTC: \(-10x\left(2y-x\right)\left(2y+x\right)\)
\(\dfrac{7}{5x}=\dfrac{7\left(2y-x\right)\left(2y+x\right)-2}{5x\left(2y-x\right)\left(2y+x\right)-2}=\dfrac{-14\left(2y-x\right)\left(2y+x\right)}{-10x\left(2y-x\right)\left(2y+x\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{4}{x-2y}=\dfrac{4\left(2y-x\right)\left(2y+x\right)10x}{-\left(2y-x\right)\left(2y+x\right)10x}=\dfrac{40x\left(2y-x\right)\left(2y+x\right)}{-10x\left(2y-x\right)\left(2y+x\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{x-y}{8y^2-2x^2}=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)-5x}{2\left(2y-x\right)\left(2y+x\right)-5x}=\dfrac{-5x\left(x-y\right)}{-10x\left(2y-x\right)\left(2y+x\right)}\)
5.
\(x^3-1=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(x^2-x=x\left(x-1\right)\)
\(x^2+x+1\)
MTC: \(x\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{x}{x^3-1}=\dfrac{x.x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)x}=\dfrac{x^2}{x\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{x+1}{x^2-x}=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{x\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{x-1}{x^2+x+1}=\dfrac{x\left(x-1\right)\left(x-1\right)}{x\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\dfrac{x\left(x-1\right)^2}{x\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
6.
\(x^2-2ax+a^2=\left(x-a\right)^2\)
\(x^2-ax=x\left(x-a\right)\)
MTC: \(x\left(x-a\right)^2\)
\(\dfrac{x}{x^2-2ax+a^2}=\dfrac{x.x}{\left(x-a\right)^2x}=\dfrac{x^2}{x\left(x-a\right)^2}\)
\(\dfrac{x+a}{x^2-ax}=\dfrac{\left(x+a\right)\left(x-a\right)}{x\left(x-a\right)\left(x-a\right)}=\dfrac{x^2-a^2}{x\left(x-a\right)^2}\)
\(a.\) Ta có:
\(MTC:\) \(\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
Do đó
\(\frac{3x}{x+1}=\frac{3x\left(x+2\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)
\(\frac{x+4}{x+2}=\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+4\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)
\(b.\) Ta có:
\(x^2+x=x\left(x+1\right)\)
\(x^2-1=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
nên \(MTC:\) \(x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{5}{x^2+x}=\frac{5}{x\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{5\left(x-1\right)}{x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(\frac{6}{x^2-1}=\frac{6}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{6x}{x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(c.\) Ta có:
\(x^2-5x+4=x^2-x-4x+4=x\left(x-1\right)-4\left(x-1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-4\right)\)
\(2x^2-8x=2x\left(x-4\right)\)
nên \(MTC:\) \(2x\left(x-1\right)\left(x-4\right)\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{4}{x^2-5x+4}=\frac{4}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x-4\right)}=\frac{8x}{2x\left(x-1\right)\left(x-4\right)}\)
\(\frac{x+1}{2x^2-8x}=\frac{x+1}{2x\left(x-4\right)}=\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{2x\left(x-1\right)\left(x-4\right)}\)
Làm nốt d :P
\(\frac{x+3}{2x^2-15x-8};\frac{3}{x^2-8x}\)
Ta có : \(2x^2-15x-8=\left(2x+1\right)\left(x-8\right)\)
\(x^2-8x=x\left(x-8\right)\)
MTC : \(x\left(x-8\right)\left(2x+1\right)\)
\(\frac{x+3}{2x^2-15x-8}=\frac{x+3}{\left(2x+1\right)\left(x-8\right)}=\frac{x^2+3x}{x\left(x-8\right)\left(2x+1\right)}\)
\(\frac{3}{x^2-8x}=\frac{3}{x\left(x-8\right)}=\frac{6x+3}{x\left(x-8\right)\left(2x+1\right)}\)