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a) Coi X là kim loại R hóa trị n
\(2R + 2nHCl \to 2RCl_n + nH_2\\ n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_R = \dfrac{2}{n}n_{H_2} = \dfrac{0,3}{n}(mol)\\ 2R + 2nH_2O \to 2R(OH)_n + nH_2\\ n_{H_2O} = \dfrac{10,8}{18} = 0,6(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_R = \dfrac{1}{n}n_{H_2O} = \dfrac{0,6}{n}(mol)\\ \)
Suy ra: \(\dfrac{m_1}{m_2} = \dfrac{0,3}{n} : \dfrac{0,6}{n} = \dfrac{1}{2}\)
b)
\(m_2 =2m_1 \\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl\ TN_2}} = 2C_{M_{HCl\ TN_1}} = 0,5.2 = 1M\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{3,9}{65}=0,06mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,06 0,12 0,06 0,06
\(V_{H_2}=0,06\cdot22,4=1,344l\)
\(d_{H_2}\)/CO2=\(\dfrac{M_{H_2}}{M_{CO_2}}=\dfrac{2}{44}=\dfrac{1}{22}\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,12\cdot36,5=4,38g\)
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,06\cdot136=8,16g\)
a) Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
b) nZn = 3,9:65= 0,06 ( mol)
theo pt , nH2 =nZn= 0,06 (mol)
=> VH2(ĐKTC) = 0,06.22,4=1,344(l)
H2/CO2 = MH2/MCO2 =2/44=1/22
c) theo pt nHCl = 2nZn = 2.0,06=0,12(mol)
=> mHCl= 0,12 . 36,5=4,38(g)
d) theo pt , nZnCl2= nZn = 0,06(mol)
=> m ZnCl2 = 0,06.136=8,16 (g)
\(a.Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ b.Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{18,48}{22,4}=0,825\left(mol\right)\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=17,1\\x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0.825\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,375\\y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,375.24}{17,1}.100=52,63\%\\ \%m_{Al}=47,37\%\)
$a\big)2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2$
$b\big)$
$n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2(mol)$
Theo PT: $n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,3(mol)$
$\to V_{H_2(đktc)}=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)$
$c\big)$
Theo PT: $n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2(mol)$
$\to m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7(g)$
a)
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
$n_{Al} = \dfrac{10,8}{27} = 0,4(mol)$
Theo PTHH : $n_{HCl} = 3n_{Al} = 1,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m = \dfrac{1,2.36,5}{14,6\%} = 300(gam)$
b) $n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,6(mol)$
$M_xO_y + yH_2 \xrightarrow{t^o}xM + yH_2O$
Theo PTHH : $n_{oxit} = \dfrac{1}{y}.n_{H_2} = \dfrac{0,6}{y}(mol)$
$\Rightarrow \dfrac{0,6}{y}(Mx + 16y) = 34,8$
$\Rightarrow \dfrac{x}{y}.M = 42$
Với x = 3 ; y = 4 thì $M = 56(Fe)$
Vậy oxit là $Fe_3O_4$
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,1 0,15
=> VH2 = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 (l)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
LTL: \(0,4>0,15\rightarrow\) CuO dư
Theo pthh: \(n_{CuO\left(pư\right)}=n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,15.64}{0,15.64+\left(0,4-0,15\right).80}=32,43\%\\\%m_{CuO}=100\%-32,43\%=67,57\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a. \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\left(1\right)\)
b. \(n_{Al}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{2,7}{27}=0,1mol\)
Theo phương trình `(1)` \(n_{H_2}=\frac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\frac{3}{2}.0,1=0,15mol\)
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2\left(ĐKTC\right)}=n.22,4=0,15.22,4=3,36l\)
c. \(CuO+H_2\rightarrow^{t^o}Cu+H_2O\left(2\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{32}{80}=0,4mol\)
Tỷ lệ \(\frac{0,4}{1}>\frac{0,15}{1}\)
`->CuO` dư
Theo phương trình `(2)` \(n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,15mol\)
\(n_{CuO\left(pứ\right)}=n_{H_2}=0,15mol\)
\(\rightarrow n_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,15=0,25mol\)
\(m\left(g\right)\text{ chất rắn }\hept{\begin{cases}CuO_{dư}=0,25mol\\Cu=0,15mol\end{cases}}\)
\(\rightarrow m=0,15.64+0,25.80=29,6g\)
\(\%m_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=\frac{0,25.80.100}{29,6}\approx67,6\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100\%-67,6\%=32,4\%\)
\(a) 2Na + 2HCl \to 2NaCl + H_2\\ Ba + 2HCl \to BaCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Na + 2H_2O \to 2NaOH + H_2\\ Ba + 2H_2O \to Ba(OH)_2 + H_2\)
\(TN1 : n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15(mol)\\ n_{Na} = x ; n_{Ba} = y\\ n_{H_2} = 0,5x + y = 0,15\\ TN2 : n_{Na} = xk ; n_{Ba} = yk\\ n_{H_2O} = n_{Na} + 2n_{Ba} =xk + 2yk = k.0,15.2 = \dfrac{10,8}{22,4} = 0,45\\ \Rightarrow k = 1,5\\ Suy\ ra: \dfrac{a}{b} = k = 1,5\)