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Oceans and the life they sustain are vital to humankind. Unfortunately, overfishing, climate change, and pollution threaten these habitats.
The oceans are one connected body of salt water that covers more than 70 percent of the Earth, and we depend on these waters for human survival. They influence everything from the weather to the food supply to the health of seaside communities. Yet, we are the greatest offenders when it comes to pollution.
The oceans are also teeming with creatures that are critical to our ecosystems. Fish, dolphins, squid, octopuses, eels, and whales populate the open ocean, while lobsters, starfish, oysters, crabs, and snails scurry about the ocean bottom. Mammals like walruses, otters, and polar bears depend on the ocean for their survival as well. Coral reefs are a biome of colorful activity found in shallow, tropical waters.
All areas of the ocean are impacted by human activities. Lost or discarded nets, spilled oil and garbage, runoff, and sewage are all creating dead zones in the oceans. Excess carbon dioxide turns ocean waters acidic, and freshwater from melted glaciers will alter the weather-driving currents.
Heartbreaking Ocean Pollution Facts
Scientists estimate how much floating garbage is out there, but not even oceanographers can tell us exactly how much – the oceans are just too big. In 2002, Nature magazine reported that, “…during the 1990s, debris in the waters near Britain doubled; in the Southern Ocean encircling Antarctica the increase was a hundredfold. And depending on where they sample, oceanographers have found that between 60 and 95 percent of today’s marine debris is made of plastic.”
Where does all this garbage come from?
Plastic and other garbage enters the ocean when people throw it from ships, leave it in the path of the tide, when rivers carry it there, or when sewage systems and storm drains overflow. In spite of the Ocean Dumping Reform Act, “…the US still releases more than 850 billion gallons of untreated sewage and storm runoff every year,” according to a 2004 EPA report.
This problem is significant because plastics do not degrade in seawater. Rather, they accumulate daily, and, thanks to ocean currents, the plastics travel thousands of miles.
As of April of 2017, scientists estimated that about 19 billion pounds of garbage are currently present in the world’s oceans.
“We’re being overwhelmed by our waste,” said Jenna Jambeck, an environmental engineer who led the 2015 study that determined this staggering number. According to Jambeck, ocean waste amounts will double by 2025 unless we do something on a global scale to reduce ocean waste.
Plastics are the top type of garbage found in the ocean. Ocean Conservancy, a nonprofit that organizes an annual coastal cleanup event in more than 150 countries worldwide, estimate that plastic debris makes up around 85 percent of all the trash collected from beaches, waterways and oceans.
Because plastics don’t biodegrade, they simply break down into smaller and smaller pieces as they are exposed to sunlight. These microplastics are shorter than 5 millimeters long, and some are microbeads.
The United Nations Environment Program note that, “…there could be as many as 51 trillion microplastic particles in our seas.” What is particularly alarming is the five, enormous swirling garbage convergences called “gyres”. These large garbage islands are the subject of new and innovative ocean cleaning efforts and technology.
One of the most troublesome sources of ocean garbage is litter from single-use plastic products ― plastic bags in particular. These plastics are threatening at least 600 marine life species, including leatherback turtles, whales, and seabirds. These animals mistake the plastics for food and cannot digest them, and the plastics eventually kill the animals.
People need to be educated about how widespread ocean pollution is and how it not only affects marine life, but people and the environment as well.
For example:
- Pollution is one of the biggest global killers, affecting over 100 million people.
- Over 1 million seabirds and 100,000 sea mammals are killed by pollution every year.
- The Mississippi River carries an estimated 1.5 million metric tons of nitrogen pollution into the Gulf of Mexico each year, creating a “dead zone” in the Gulf each summer.
- 40% of the freshwater lakes in the US are too polluted for fishing, aquatic life, or swimming.
- 1.2 trillion gallons of untreated sewage, storm water, and industrial waste are dumped into US water every year.
- In 2010, recycling and composting prevented 85 million tons of pollution.
- Cleanups can save animals lives and discourage people from littering in the future.
It is critical that we, as residents on this planet, join together to fight ocean trash. There are multiple agencies, nonprofits, and corporations who are joining the fight, and we can support them.
The International Coastal Cleanup organization started more than 30 years ago, when communities came together to collect and document the trash along their Texas coastlines.
The organization connected with the Texas General Land Office, local businessmen and women, and other ocean-lovers, and planned what would be Ocean Conservancy’s first Cleanup. Volunteers didn’t just pick up trash; they recorded each item collected on a data card in order to help find ways to eradicate ocean trash moving forward.
The Cleanup has grown vastly in 30 years. Volunteers from states and territories across the US and more than 100 countries participate in a Cleanup event every year.
Renee Tuggle, the Texas State Coordinator for the International Coastal Cleanup, said, “What I have learned from the Cleanup experience, is that even though the Cleanup started in Texas with a small number of 2,800 volunteers… it has grown into a massive cleanup that involves both national and international volunteers all pitching in for the same common goal of cleaning up our coastal waters and taking care of our beaches. I am proud to be a part of this global movement and I appreciate all of the help and support I get from the Ocean Conservancy staff.”
At a former naval air station in Alameda, California, across the bay from San Francisco, workers are welding a football field length black tube together. It is a single piece of a larger system designated to attack the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
Boyan Slat, the innovator behind the idea, presented his science at a TEDx talk and The Ocean Cleanup idea began. At just 18-years-old, Slat had discovered that cleaning up microplastics and microbeads currently in the ocean could take almost 80,000 years. Now, his organization is poised to clean up a huge majority of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in just five years.
There are also things individuals or small groups can do to help:Be conscious of your energy use at home and work. Switch to compact fluorescent light bulbs, take the stairs, and avoid oversetting your thermostat.When you are grocery shopping or dining out, reduce the demand for overexploited species by choosing sustainably sourced seafood.Plastics kill tens of thousands of marine animals every year. Carry a reusable water bottle, use cloth totes for shopping, and always recycle whenever possible.Always clean up after yourself and participate in a beach cleanup. Explore the ocean but don’t interfere with wildlife or remove rocks and coral.Avoid buying items like coral jewelry, tortoiseshell hair accessories, and shark products.Read pet food labels and consider seafood sustainability when choosing food for your pet. Don’t stock your aquarium with wild-caught saltwater fish, and never release aquarium fish into natural bodies of water.Consider giving financial support or offering your time at volunteering.Research the ocean conservation positions of public officials before voting. Patronize restaurants and markets that offer only sustainable seafood.Practice responsible kayaking, boating, kayaking, and other activities on the water. Don’t ever litter and be aware of marine life in the water.The more you learn about this critical system, the more you can share that knowledge to educate others.The threats to our ocean ecosystems seem overwhelming. The oceans experience pollution, overfishing, climate change, and other issues. How can we make a difference as individuals? We can make a big difference starting here:Learn about the ocean and how you impact the ecosystem. Read about conservancy and restoration – and then share what you have learned.Reduce your family’s use of chemicals. Use fertilizer minimally, buy organic fruits and veggies, and choose non-toxic cleaning products.Trash doesn’t disappear. Moving water can carry loose trash to the ocean.Invest in reusable bags, beverage cups, and non-plastic containers. Always recycle.Never litter and be a part of the solution by participating in beach cleanups.Only buy products that you can guarantee were sustainably harvested. Demand sustainable seafood at the grocery store and in at favorite dining spots.On this little blue planet, we are but one species and we are the most dangerous to all the others. Our oceans and sea life are not replaceable. We can and must do our part to clean, conserve, and improve the conditions in our planet’s oceans.Without the oceans, we put our lives in jeopardy. Let’s do the smart thing and take care of our oceans.
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Môi trường là một phần thiết yếu trong cuộc sống của chúng ta. Một môi trường sạch rất cần thiết cho một cuộc sống yên bình và khỏe mạnh. Môi trường là khu vực tự nhiên xung quanh giúp con người, động vật và những sinh vật sống khác lớn lên và phát triển một cách tự nhiên. Nhưng hiện nay, môi trường của chúng ta đang bị rối loạn bằng nhiều cách khác nhau. Bất cứ hình thức làm rối loạn sự cân bằng tự nhiên nào cũng đều ảnh hưởng đến toàn bộ môi trường. Điều này không chỉ phá hủy cuộc sống của con người mà còn ảnh hường đến tất cả mọi sinh vật sống. Chúng ta có thể bảo vệ môi trường của chúng ta bằng các hành động nhỏ của mọi người trên Trái Đất. Chúng ta nên giàm lượng rác thải, chỉ bỏ rác đúng nơi quy định… và nhiều cách đơn giản khác. Bảo vệ môi trường cho sự sinh tồn của nhân loại là điều rất quan trọng. Khi chúng ta bảo vệ môi trường, chúng ta đang bảo vệ chính bản thân mình và cả tương lai của chúng ta nữa.
Dear Andrew
I hope this message finds you well! I'm excited to share with you about the city I currently reside in—Sydney, Australia. Nestled along the stunning coastline, Sydney is renowned for its iconic landmarks such as the Sydney Opera House and the Harbour Bridge. The city boasts a vibrant cultural scene with diverse cuisines and a rich tapestry of art and music.
The great part about Sydney is its blend of urban living and natural beauty. From its pristine beaches to the sprawling parks and reserves, there's always a picturesque spot to unwind. However, the downside is the high cost of living and occasional traffic congestion, typical of any bustling metropolis.
Overall, I adore Sydney for its liveliness, but the hustle sometimes gets overwhelming. Nevertheless, the city's charm always wins me over, making it a fantastic place to call home!
Warm regards,
Dac Minh
Dear [Friend],
I hope that you are well. I am currently living in Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. It’s located in the northern part of the country, and it’s known for its rich history, beautiful architecture, and vibrant cultural scene.
One of the special things about Hanoi is its Old Quarter, a maze of bustling streets dating back to the 13th century. The city is also famous for its unique cuisine, with dishes like Pho and Bun Cha that are loved by locals and tourists alike.
Living in Hanoi has its ups and downs. The city is full of life and there’s always something to do. However, it can get quite crowded and the traffic can be a bit chaotic at times.
Despite these challenges, I love living here. The city’s energy, its people, and its culture make it a truly special place. I hope you’ll get the chance to visit someday.
Best, [Your Name]
1. My favorite subject is literature
2.My teacher is Ms. Yen
3. I learned how to write and how to communicate properly
4.It's hard for me but I just need a little patience and try
5. Because I want to challenge myself
English is my favourite subject. English is not difficult to learn, you just need to work hard to gain good results. It’s the fact that English is the most common language spoken in the world, and studying it brings me lots of opportunities. First of all, being good at English, I can talk with foreign people and tourists, which expand my knowledge about each culture in the world. Besides, English documents provides a more accurate and original source of information. As a result, reading them, I can gain a deep knowledge in any field such as science, economics,… Furthermore, I can watch films, read news in English without subtitle. In the future, after graduating, with English skill, I can join international organizations or multi-national corporations and have a good career. It’s also a common sense that people who know English will have a higher salary than the others with a same job. I want to go abroad to study as well so English is necessary. In conclusion, English is an interesting subject and quite important for my future.
Tet is a traditional holiday of our country Vietnam.
The season of Tet occurs around the biginning of February and end of Janaurỵ The meaning of Tet is ending old year and welcome a new year. Tet holiday is very special for Vietnamese families to reunite. At that time, all family members try to come back their homes and get together to prepare for Tet. Moreover they will buy new clothes and clean their house. A branch of Mai flower or a Kumquat tree can't be absent from every home. They bring a fresh atmosphere to the house. We decorate ancestral altar with a tray full of fruits and flowers.
Some typical Tet's food such as sweets, coconut jam, candied fruits, lemon seeds, rice cake , "thit kho"( stew pork with eggs). A special food can not absent is sticky rice cake.. It is our country's traditional food on Tet holiday. Tet meal is more dilicious than our every day.
On Tet holiday, people have many typical activities. Young persons takes part in the traditional games such as: tug; cooking rice, cock fighting, watching lion dance. Many people visit relatives to wish a happy new year. A dults will give lucky money for children. Woman like going to pagoda to wish good things will come to their familỵ
In my oppinion, i like cozy and fresh Tets atmosphere. All member of family talk together about a happy new year. I can hang out with my friend and don't worry about any thịng
" Tet" holiday is always in Vietnamese's heart.
Tet Holiday is the biggest annual celebration of Vietnam in the first days of lunar New Year. During these days, people welcome a new coming year with good health, lucks and success. Tet holiday is very special for Vietnamese families to reunite and celebrate together.
The preparation for Tet holiday is taken place very soon because it requires many steps. All members of families clean and redecorate their houses together. Then, they buy food, drink such as cookies, sweets, candied fruit, melon seeds...to offer their guests and to store because in this occasion, many shops are closed. A branch of peach flower or a kumquat tree cannot be absent from every home during these special days. Children are the most eager, as their parents will buy them new clothes. In addition to buying things, many Vietnamese families make Chung cake, pickled onion, frozen meat, which are our country's traditional food on Tet holiday. We decorate ancestral altars with a five-fruit tray, vegetables, sweets, and flowers.
In the last day of the previous year, people become more excited as they feel that the New Year is very near to them. Everybody all waits for the sacred moment when the clock points 0 am and fireworks light up everywhere to wish for health, lucks and happiness in the next year. Streets are extremely crowded. On contrary, in the first morning of the year, everything seems peaceful and quiet as people want to sleep longer to enjoy the moment with their cozy family. However, there are some families getting up early to come back to their hometown to visit their ancestors' graves and relatives. From noon on, everybody go to their neighbors' houses to wish them a happy new year. Children in new clothes are very excited, as they will get lucky money from adults.
There are many activities to welcome new coming spring in this occasion. Children usually take up pens to write their first essay, hoping for good results in school. In spring festivals, everyone especially the young takes part in the traditional games such as rollercoaster, tug of war, cooking rice, cock fighting etc. to express their happiness while farmers wish for bumper crops. Women often go to pagodas to show Buddha their hearts and wish their families good things and power to avoid bad lucks. During the first days of New Year, Vietnamese people do things that are supposed to be good for themselves and their loved ones such as wearing red clothes, buying salt, taking chance or praying... and avoid saying taboos(related to death, breaking...). Each region in Vietnam has it own customs to celebrate Tet, which are very special and unique.
"Tet" is the word that is very familiar to Vietnamese people whenever we think about our country. This is the time for family reunion, for festivals, and for people to give love to their loved one. As for me, I enjoy the warm and cozy Tet's atmosphere when all members of my family stay and talk together.