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Read the following passage and choose the most appropriate answer from A,B,C or D to answer questions. |
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Communication can be in the form of words, pictures, or actions. Words are the most commonly used: we speak or write to communicate ideas. It is, (1)__________, essential for people to use words effectively.
Pictures are useful, also. Businesses use them successfully in posters, charts, and blueprints. Companies should be careful that the pictures (2)____________on posters and charts, as well as in brochures and advertisements, and the words compliment, rather than conflict, (3)___________each other.
Action is an important communication medium: actions speak (4)________than words. This medium is the most important when dealing face-to-face with employees, colleagues, and clients. A frown, a handshake, a wink, and even silence have meaning; people will attach significance (5)___________these actions.
1. A. therefore B. because C. although D. despite
2. A. use B. using C. used D. useful
3. A. for B. with C. in D. of
4. A. noisier B. louder C. alouder D. loudlier
5. A. to B. by C. for D. with
Nowadays in the news you can read a lot about biotechnology and the controversies about it and perhaps you ask yourself what it is exactly. Well, this article is going to give you a brief history of the field of biotechnology and show you that, although the word “biotechnology” was first used in 1919, we have been using biotechnology for many thousands of years in ways that are completely uncontroversial. It will also look at the more modern developments which have started intense debate. When you are drinking a cold beer on a hot day, or eating a delicious cheese sandwich, you can thank biotechnology for the pleasure you are experiencing. That’s right! Beer, bread and cheese are all produced using biotechnology. Perhaps a definition will be useful to understand how. A standard definition is that biotechnology (or biotech for short) is the application of science and engineering to the direct or indirect use of living organisms. And as you know, the food and drink above are all produced by the fermentation of micro-organisms. In beer, the yeast multiplies as it eats the sugars in the mixture and turns them into alcohol and CO2. This ancient technique was first used in Egypt to make bread and wine around 4000BC! Antibiotics are used to prevent and treat diseases, especially those caused by bacteria. They are natural substances that are created by bacteria and fungi. The first antibiotic was made in China in about 500BC – to cure boils. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and it was considered a medical miracle. Modern research is looking at the creation of super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them. Our modern consumer society produces a lot of waste which needs to be disposed of safely and without harmful end products. Environmental biotechnology can help. Indeed, the use of bacteria to treat sewage was first practiced in 1914 in Manchester, England. Vermiculture or using worms to treat waste is another environmentally-friendly practice and the end product is a natural fertiliser. Bacteria have even been developed to help with problems such as oil spills. They convert crude oil and gasoline into non-toxic substances such as carbon dioxide, water and oxygen and help create a cleaner, healthier environment. These examples of biotechnology are accepted by most people. However, the discovery of the DNA structure by Watson and Crick in 1953 was the beginning of the modern era of genetics and the following areas of biotech are very controversial. Read on… The genetic modification of plants and crops has been in practice for many years. This involves changing the genetic code of these plants so that they are more resistant to bad conditions like drought, floods and frost. Supporters of GM food say that it can offer the consumer better quality, safety and taste and for over a decade Americans have been eating GM food. However, things are very different in Europe where genetically modified food is very strictly regulated and regarded with deep suspicion by the public. GM food has even been called “Frankenfood” in the press, a term inspired by the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. There is a great cultural divide between America and Europe over whether such food is safe to eat and will not harm the environment and the discussion is still in progress. 1997 saw the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first animal cloned from an adult cell. This was a remarkable achievement which created world-wide debate on the ethical issues surrounding cloning. International organisations such as the European parliament, UNESCO and WHO all declared that human cloning is both morally and legally wrong. However, we need to make a distinction between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Nowadays the idea of reproductive cloning – creating a copy of another person - is no longer interesting for researchers. Instead therapeutic cloning is creating excitement in the biotech world. Key to this technique is stem cells, which are master cells that have the potential to become any other kind of cell in the body e.g. nerve cells, blood, heart muscle or even brain cells. Stem cells themselves have generated a lot of controversy as it was believed that only human embryos could provide them. However, it now appears that adult stem cells offer the same possibility. This would mean that a patient who suffered a heart attack could provide doctors with his adult stem cells which could then be implanted back into his heart and used to create heart muscle, replacing the muscle that was damaged. As the genetic code is identical, there would be no problem of the body rejecting the implant as, unfortunately, happens with organ transplants. In the future, biotechnologists hope that stem cells could be used to grow entire organs. In this way biotechnology offers the hope of revolutionising medical treatment. In this brief overview of the history of biotechnology we have jumped from making bread to making human organs - an enormous leap- and it is clear that these modern practices raise many controversial issues. However, despite the debate, we can imagine that as biotechnology has been around for many years, it will still be around for some time to come - but who knows where it will take us?
Questions:
After reading, choose the best answer for the following questions
1. What is the main topic of the article?
Brief history and modern developments of biotechnology
Benefit of biotechnology
Modern research in biotechnology
2. What does the pronoun "IT" in the first paragraph refer to?
Biotechnology
The article
The word "Biotechnology"
3. Which products were first made with fermentation of micro-organisms?
Beer, bread and cheese
Bread and wine
Beer and cheese
Decide whether the statement below is True or False.
4. Alexander Fleming discovered super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them.
TrueFalse
5. GM food is easily available in the U.S. and Europe.
TrueFalse
6.Researchers believe that adult stem cells could be used to create body parts.
TrueFalse
hãy điền is/am/ are hoặc không không điền gì (o) vào các câu sau:
1, he .....X........ used to smoke a lot
2, he .......is... used to getting up early in the morning
3, tennis.......X....... used to be an indoor game
4, jane.....X...... used to play tennis better than she does now
5, i .......am... used to geeting up early in the morning
6, today american women ...are........ used to earning their own money
7, he ......X... used to go hunting when he was in africa
8, last year john ........X......... used to be a good student and work hard
9. he .....X........ used to play with a kite when he was a child
10. there .....X..... used to be a drugstore near here many years ago
11, she ......X...... used to be taken to the circus by her mother
12, we......X....... used to have lots of friends when we lived in the country
13, you and i are from different cultures. you ......are... used to having fish for brekfast. i ....am....... used to having cheese and bread for breakfast
14, people......X.... used to believe the world was flat
15, i....X...... used to live in the countryside, but now i live in ha noi
16, when i was younger, i .......X....... used to eat pizza almost every day!
17, bradly is a teacher and he ....is..... used to ansewering questions
18, rick .....X.... used to have blond hair when he was a little boy
19, i know lily. she........is...... used to cooking every day
20, john....is...... used to sitting at the back of the class
21. they ....X...... used to work in a bank, but now he works in a post office
22, my father ....X....... used to go home late
#Yumi
Choose the correct answer:
1. I couldn't___ used to the weather
A. be
B. Ø
C. get
D. both a & c
2. After a while he didn't mind the noise in the office, he___ it
A. used to
B. get used to
C. didn't get used to
D. is used to
3. When I started to work here I needed a lot of help, but now___ all the work on my own
A. am used to doing
B. used to do
C. get used to doing
D. am used to do
4. When Frank Smith was the head of our office, everything___ well organized. Now it is total chaos here
A. used to be
B. get used to be
C. is used to being
D. used to beling
10. At first the employees didn't like the new open- space office butin the and they___ it
A. used to be
B. get used to
C. got used to
D. are used to
1. a lot of ..............come to Van Mieu every day
a. visister b. vistor c. visiters d. visitors
2. i wish Mary ..........harder for her examination
a. will work b. works c. worked d. had worked
3. It's very kind.................you to say so
a. of b. in c. to d. with
4. can you tell me how many chapters this book consists............?
a. in b. to c. of d at
5. Mai often goes to the..............to pray because her reigion is Buddhism
a. temple b. church c. mosque d. pagoda
6. they .................go to Nha Trang in summer
a. use b. used to c. are used d. are used to
7. they.......playing soccer in the park
a. use b. use to c. are used d. are used to
8. must the test.....on time?
a. be finishing b. finish c. be finished d. be finish
9. water can't .....here
a. be found b. be finding c. be find d. be finded
10. ...............Eglish .............all over the world?
a. is/learnt b. is/learn c. has/ learnt d. was / learn
11. my car ...........yet
a. isn't repaired b. wasn't repaired c. hasn't been repaired d. won't be repaired
1. a lot of ..............come to Van Mieu every day
a. visister b. vistor c. visiters d. visitors
2. i wish Mary ..........hatder foe her examination
a. will work b. works c. worked d. had worked
3. It's very kind.................you to say so
a. of b. in c. to d. with
4. can you tel me how many chapters this bokk consists............?
a. in b. to c. of d at
5. Mai often goes to the..............to prays because her reigion is Buddhism
a. temple b. church c. mosque d. pogada
6. they .................go to Nha Trang in summer
a. use b. used to c. are used d. are used to
7. they.......playing soccer in the park
a. use b. use to c. are used d. are used to
8. must in test.....on time?
a. be finishing b. finish c. be finished d. be finish
9. water can't .....here
a. be found b. be finding c. be find d. be finded
10. ...............Eglish .............all over the world?
a. is/learnt b. is/learn c. has/ learnt d. was / learn
11. my car ...........yet
a. isn't repaired b. wasn't repaired c. hasn't been repaired d. won't be repaired
a
a