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a) Ta có: \(N=a^2+b^2+2a-b-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(=a^2+2a+1+b^2-b+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(=\left(a+1\right)^2+\left(b-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{2}\ge-\dfrac{3}{2}\forall a,b\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi a=-1 và \(b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(VT=a^2+4b^2+1-4ab+2a-4b+b^2-2b+1+1\)
\(VT=\left(a-2b+1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+1>0\) (đpcm)
\(a^2+5b^2-4ab+2a-6b+3\)
\(=a^2-4ab+2a+5b^2-6b+3\)
\(=a^2-2a\left(2b-1\right)+5b^2-6b+3\)
\(=a^2-2.a.\frac{2b-1}{2}+\left(\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2+5b^2-6b-\left(\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2+3\)
\(=\left(a-\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2+5a^2-6b-\frac{\left(2b-1\right)^2}{4}+3\)
\(=\left(a-\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2+5a^2-6b-\frac{4b^2-4b+1}{4}+3\)
\(=\left(a-\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2+5a^2-6b-b^2+b-\frac{1}{4}+3\)
\(=\left(a-\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2+4b^2-5b+\frac{11}{4}\)
\(=\left(a-\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2+\left(2b\right)^2-2.2b.\frac{5}{4}+\frac{25}{16}+\frac{19}{16}\)
\(=\left(a-\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2+\left(2b-\frac{5}{4}\right)^2+\frac{19}{16}\)
Vì \(\left(a-\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2\ge0;\left(2b-\frac{5}{4}\right)^2\ge0=>\left(a-\frac{2b-1}{2}\right)^2+\left(2b-\frac{5}{4}\right)^2+\frac{19}{16}\ge\frac{19}{16}>0\) (với mọi a,b) (đpcm)
4a2 + 9b2 - 20a + 6b + 26 = 0 <=> ( 2a - 5 )2 + ( 3b + 1 )2 = 0 <=> a = 5/2 ; b = -1/3
5a2 + b2 - 2a + 4ab + 1 = 0 <=> ( 2a + b )2 + ( a - 1 )2 = 0 <=> a = 1 ; b = -2
1) Ta có 4a2 + 9b2 - 20a + 6b + 26 = 0
<=> (4a2 - 20a + 25) + (9b2 + 6b + 1) = 0
<=> (2a - 5)2 + (3b + 1)2 = 0
<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}2a-5=0\\3b+1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=\frac{5}{2}\\b=-\frac{1}{3}\end{cases}}\)
Vậy a = 5/2 ; b = -1/3
2) Ta có 5a2 + b2 - 2a + 4ab + 1 = 0
<=> (4a2 + 4ab + b2) + (a2 - 2a + 1) = 0
<=> (2a + b)2 + (a - 1)2 = 0
<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}2a+b=0\\a-1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}b=-2\\a=1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy b = -2 ; a = 1
\(a^2+5b^2-4ab+2a-6b+3\)
\(=\left(a^2-4ab+4b^2\right)+\left(2a-4b\right)+1+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(a-2b\right)^2+2\left(a-2b\right)+1+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(a-2b+1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+1\ge1\forall a;b\)
Mà \(1>0\) nên \(a^2+5b^2-4ab+2a-6b+3>0\forall a;b\)(đpcm)