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a)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+x+5< 0\\x^2-6x+1>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\)Ta có
\(x^2+x+5=\left(x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{19}{4}=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{19}{4}\ge\dfrac{19}{4}>0\)
=> Bất phương trình đàu tiên sai, hệ bất phương trình sai
b)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x^2+x-6>0\\3x^2-10x+3\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(2x-3\right)\left(x+2\right)>0\\\left(x-3\right)\left(3x-1\right)\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x>2\\x< -3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\le-\dfrac{1}{3}\\x\ge3\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(A = \{ 3;2;1;0; - 1; - 2; - 3; -4; ...\} \)
Tập hợp B là tập các nghiệm nguyên của phương trình \(\left( {5x - 3{x^2}} \right)\left( {{x^2} + 2x - 3} \right) = 0\)
Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\left( {5x - 3{x^2}} \right)\left( {{x^2} + 2x - 3} \right) = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}5x - 3{x^2} = 0\\{x^2} + 2x - 3 = 0\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}\left[ \begin{array}{l}x = 0\\x = \frac{5}{3}\end{array} \right.\\\left[ \begin{array}{l}x = 1\\x = - 3\end{array} \right.\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)
Vì \(\frac{5}{3} \notin \mathbb Z\) nên \(B = \left\{ { - 3;0;1} \right\}\).
b) \(A \cap B = \left\{ {x \in A|x \in B} \right\} = \{ - 3;0;1\} = B\)
\(A \cup B = \) {\(x \in A\) hoặc \(x \in B\)} \( = \{ 3;2;1;0; - 1; - 2; - 3;...\} = A\)
\(A\,{\rm{\backslash }}\,B = \left\{ {x \in A|x \notin B} \right\} = \{ 3;2;1;0; - 1; - 2; - 3;...\} {\rm{\backslash }}\;\{ - 3;0;1\} = \{ 3;2; - 1; - 2; - 4; - 5; - 6;...\} \)
a) \(2x^3-3x^2-5x=0\)
\(x\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-5\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(L\right)\\x=-1\left(TM\right)\\x=\dfrac{5}{2}\left(L\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=\left\{-1\right\}\)
b) \(x< \left|3\right|\)\(\Leftrightarrow-3< x< 3\)
\(B=\left\{-2;-1;1;2\right\}\)
c) \(C=\left\{-3;3;6;9\right\}\)
a) \(A=\left\{x\in Z|2x^3-3x^2-5x=0\right\}\)
\(2x^3-3x^2-5x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(2x^2-3x-5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-1\\x=\dfrac{5}{2}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left\{0;-1\right\}\)
b) \(B=\left\{-2;-1;0;1;2\right\}\)
c) \(C=\left\{-3;3;6;9\right\}\)
\(x^4-3x^3-5x^2+12x+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-2x^3-x^3+2x^2-7x^2+14x-2x+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3-x^2-7x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-3x-1\right)=0\)
mà x là số hữu tỉ
nên x=2 hoặc x=-2
=>A={2;-2}
b: \(x^3+x^2-3x-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+2x^2-x^2-2x-x-2=0\)
=>(x+2)(x^2-x-1)=0
mà x là số hữu tỉ
nên x=-2
=>B={-2}
c: \(\Leftrightarrow x^4-x^3-x^3+x^2-4x^2+4x-2x+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-2x-2\right)=0\)
mà x là số hữu tỉ
nên x=1 hoặc x=-1
=>C={1;-1}
\(E=\left\{-5;-4;-3;-2;-1;0;1;2;3;4;5\right\}\)
\(A=\left\{1;-4\right\}\)
\(B=\left\{2;-1\right\}\)
a) Với mọi x thuộc A đều thuộc E \(\Rightarrow A\subset E\)
Với mọi x thuộc B đều thuộc E \(\Rightarrow B\subset E\)
b) \(A\cap B=\varnothing\)
\(\Rightarrow E\backslash\left(A\cap B\right)=\left\{-5;-4;-3;-2;-1;0;1;2;3;4;5\right\}\)
\(A\cup B=\left\{-4;-1;1;2\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow E\backslash\left(A\cup B\right)=\left\{-5;-3;-2;0;3;4;5\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow E\backslash\left(A\cup B\right)\subset E\backslash\left(A\cap B\right)\)
\(A=\left\{x\in R|\left(x-2x^2\right)\left(x^2-3x+2\right)=0\right\}\)
Giải phương trình sau :
\(\left(x-2x^2\right)\left(x^2-3x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(1-2x\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\1-2x=0\\x-1=0\\x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left\{0;\dfrac{1}{2};1;2\right\}\)
\(B=\left\{n\in N|3< n\left(n+1\right)< 31\right\}\)
Giải bất phương trình sau :
\(3< n\left(n+1\right)< 31\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n\left(n+1\right)>3\\n\left(n+1\right)< 31\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n^2+n-3>0\\n^2+n-31< 0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n< \dfrac{-1-\sqrt[]{13}}{2}\cup n>\dfrac{-1+\sqrt[]{13}}{2}\\\dfrac{-1-5\sqrt[]{5}}{2}< n< \dfrac{-1+5\sqrt[]{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{-1-5\sqrt[]{5}}{2}< n< \dfrac{-1-\sqrt[]{13}}{2}\\\dfrac{-1+\sqrt[]{13}}{2}< n< \dfrac{-1+5\sqrt[]{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(B=\left(\dfrac{-1-5\sqrt[]{5}}{2};\dfrac{-1-\sqrt[]{13}}{2}\right)\cup\left(\dfrac{-1+\sqrt[]{13}}{2};\dfrac{-1+5\sqrt[]{5}}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\cap B=\left\{2\right\}\)
`a)(2x^2-5x+3)(x^2-4x+3)=0`
`<=>[(2x^2-5x+3=0),(x^2-4x+3=0):}<=>[(x=3/2),(x=1),(x=3):}`
`=>A={3/2;1;3}`
`b)(x^2-10x+21)(x^3-x)=0`
`<=>[(x^2-10x+21=0),(x^3-x=0):}<=>[(x=7),(x=3),(x=0),(x=+-1):}`
`=>B={0;+-1;3;7}`
`c)(6x^2-7x+1)(x^2-5x+6)=0`
`<=>[(6x^2-7x+1=0),(x^2-5x+6=0):}<=>[(x=1),(x=1/6),(x=2),(x=3):}`
`=>C={1;1/6;2;3}`
`d)2x^2-5x+3=0<=>[(x=1),(x=3/2):}` Mà `x in Z`
`=>D={1}`
`e){(x+3 < 4+2x),(5x-3 < 4x-1):}<=>{(x > -1),(x < 2):}<=>-1 < x < 2`
Mà `x in N`
`=>E={0;1}`
`f)|x+2| <= 1<=>-1 <= x+2 <= 1<=>-3 <= x <= -1`
Mà `x in Z`
`=>F={-3;-2;-1}`
`g)x < 5` Mà `x in N`
`=>G={0;1;2;3;4}`
`h)x^2+x+3=0` (Vô nghiệm)
`=>H=\emptyset`.