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a) x2 + 2x + 1 = x2 + 2.x.1+ 12 = ( x + 1)2
b) 9x2 + y2 + 6xy = (3x)2 + 2.3.x.y + y2 = (3x + y)2
c) 25a2 + 4b2 – 20ab = (5a)2 – 2.5.a.2b. + (2b)2 = (5a – 2b)2
Hoặc 25a2 + 4b2 – 20ab = (2b)2 – 2.2b.5a. + (5a)2 = (2b – 5a)2
d) x2 – x + \(\dfrac{1}{4}\) = x2 – 2.x. \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) + ( \(\dfrac{1}{2}\))22 = ( x - \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) )2
Hoặc x2 – x + \(\dfrac{1}{4}\) = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\) - x + x2 = (\(\dfrac{1}{2}\))2 – 2. \(\dfrac{1}{2}\).x + x2 = (\(\dfrac{1}{2}\) - x)2
a) x2 + 2x + 1 = x2+ 2 . x . 1 + 12
= (x + 1)2
b) 9x2 + y2+ 6xy = (3x)2 + 2 . 3 . x . y + y2 = (3x + y)2
c) 25a2 + 4b2– 20ab = (5a)2 – 2 . 5a . 2b + (2b)2 = (5a – 2b)2
Hoặc 25a2 + 4b2 – 20ab = (2b)2 – 2 . 2b . 5a + (5a)2 = (2b – 5a)2
d) x2 – x + 1414 = x2 – 2 . x . 1212 + (12)2(12)2= (x−12)2(x−12)2
Hoặc x2 – x + 1414 = 1414 - x + x2 = (12)2(12)2 - 2 . 1212 . x + x2 = (12−x)2
a , \(16x^2+8x+1=\left(4x\right)^2+2.4x.1+1^2=\left(4x+1\right)^2\)
b , \(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}=x^2-2.x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\)
a,(4x+1)2 e,\(\left(\dfrac{3}{2}x-\dfrac{2}{5}\right)^2\)
b,(x-\(\dfrac{1}{2}\))2 g,\(\left(xy+1\right)^2\)
c,(\(x+\dfrac{3}{2}\))2 h,\(\left(x+5\right)^2\)
d,\(\left(x-\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^2\) i,\(-\left(x-6\right)^2\)
k,\(-\left(2x+3\right)^2\)
\(1.\)
\(a.\)
\(\dfrac{8}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{2}{x^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{x+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{2\left(x^2-1\right)}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{1\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+3\right)}{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{2x^2-2}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{x^3-x^2+3x-3}{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{8+2x^2-2+x^3-x^2+3x-3}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^3+x^2+3x+3}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2\left(x+1\right)+3\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=x-1\)
\(b.\)
\(\dfrac{x+y}{2\left(x-y\right)}-\dfrac{x-y}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{2y^2}{x^2-y^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y}{2\left(x-y\right)}-\dfrac{x-y}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}-\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2+2xy+y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}-\dfrac{x^2-2xy+y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2+2xy+y^2-x^2+2xy-y^2+4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4xy+4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4y\left(x+y\right)}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2y}{\left(x-y\right)}\)
Tương tự các câu còn lại
Bài 1:
a) -16 +(x-3)2
<=> (x-3)2-16
<=> (x-3)2 -42
<=> (x-3-4)(x-3+4)
<=> (x-7)(x+1)
b) 64+16y+y2
<=> y2 + 2.8.y + 82
<=> (y+8)2
c) \(\dfrac{1}{8}-8x^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^3-\left(2x\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-2x\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+x+4x^2\right)\)
d)\(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2.\dfrac{1}{2}.x+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\)
e) x4 + 4x2 + 4
<=> (x2)2 + 2.2.x2 +22
<=> (x2 + 2)2
g)\(8x^3+60x^2y+150xy^2+125y^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+5y\right)^3\)
Bài 2 .
a) \(\dfrac{2x}{x^2+2xy}+\dfrac{y}{xy-2y^2}+\dfrac{4}{x^2-4y^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x}{x\left(x+2y\right)}+\dfrac{y}{y\left(x-2y\right)}+\dfrac{4}{\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2xy\left(x-2y\right)+xy\left(x+2y\right)+4xy}{xy\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x^2y-2xy^2+x^2y+2xy^2+4xy}{xy\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x^2y+4xy}{xy\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y\right)}\)
b) Sai đề hay sao ý
c) \(\dfrac{2x+y}{2x^2-xy}+\dfrac{16x}{y^2-4x^2}+\dfrac{2x-y}{2x^2+xy}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x+y}{x\left(2x-y\right)}+\dfrac{-16x}{\left(2x-y\right)\left(2x+y\right)}+\dfrac{2x-y}{x\left(2x+y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(2x+y\right)^2-16x^2+\left(2x-y\right)^2}{x\left(2x-y\right)\left(2x+y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4x^2+4xy+y^2-16x^2+4x^2-4xy+y^2}{x\left(2x-y\right)\left(2x+y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-8x^2}{x\left(2x-y\right)\left(2x+y\right)}\)
d) \(\dfrac{1}{1-x}+\dfrac{1}{1+x}+\dfrac{2}{1+x^2}+\dfrac{4}{1+x^4}+\dfrac{8}{1+x^8}+\dfrac{16}{1+x^{16}}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{1-x^2}+\dfrac{2}{1+x^2}+\dfrac{4}{1+x^4}+\dfrac{8}{1+x^8}+\dfrac{16}{1+x^{16}}\)
\(=\dfrac{4}{1-x^4}+\dfrac{4}{1+x^4}+\dfrac{8}{1+x^8}+\dfrac{16}{1+x^{16}}\)
.....
\(=\dfrac{16}{1-x^{16}}+\dfrac{16}{1+x^{16}}\)
\(=\dfrac{32}{1-x^{32}}\)
b,\(\dfrac{4}{9}x^2+4x+9=\left(\dfrac{2}{3}x\right)^2+2.\dfrac{2}{3}x.3+3^2=\left(\dfrac{2}{3}x+3\right)^2\)
c, \(x^3+9x^2+27x+27=x^3+3.x^2.3+3.x.3^2+3^3=\left(x+3\right)^3\)
d, \(\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{3}{4}x+\dfrac{3}{2}x^2-x^3=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^3-3.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2.x+3.\dfrac{1}{2}.x^2-x^3=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-x\right)^3\)
TK MIK 
a \(x^2-6x+9=x^2-2.3.x+3^2=\left(x-3\right)^2\)
b \(4y^2+y+\frac{1}{16}=\left(2y\right)^2+2.2y.\frac{1}{4}+\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^2=\left(2y+\frac{1}{4}\right)^2\)
a) x2 +4x+4 = ( x + 2 )2
b) 16x2 - 8xy + y2 = ( 4x - y )2
c)9a2 +16b2 - 24ab = ( 3a - 4y ) 2
d) x2 - x + \(\dfrac{1}{4}\)= ( x - \(\dfrac{1}{2}\))2
e) y2 + \(\dfrac{1}{2}y\) + \(\dfrac{1}{16}\) = ( y + \(\dfrac{1}{4}\))2