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\(n_{HCl}=0.1\cdot0.03=0.003\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0.1\cdot0.01=0.001\left(mol\right)\)
\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Lập tỉ lệ :
\(\dfrac{0.003}{1}>\dfrac{0.001}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.003-0.001=0.002\left(mol\right)\)
\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0.002}{0.1+0.1}=0.01\)
\(pH=-log\left(0.01\right)=2\)
\(b.\)
\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)
\(0.001..........0.002\)
\(V_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0.001}{1}=0.001\left(l\right)\)
Sửa đề H2SO2 thành H2SO4
\(n_{Ba^{2+}}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)2}=0,01.0,1=0,001\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}=2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)2}=2.0,001=0,002\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_4^{2-}}=n_{H2SO4}=0,1.0,05=0,005\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=2n_{H2SO4}=2.0,005=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(Ba^{2+}+SO_4^{2-}\rightarrow BaSO_4\)
0,001 0,01 0,01
Xét tỉ lệ : \(0,001< 0,01\Rightarrow SO_4^{2-}dư\)
\(n_{Ba^{2+}\left(pư\right)}=n_{BaSO4}=0,001\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{BaSO4}=0,001.233=0,233\left(g\right)\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,01 0,002
Xét tỉ lệ : \(0,01>0,002\Rightarrow H^+dư\)
\(n_{H^+dư}=0,01-0,002=0,008\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,008}{0,1+0,1}=0,04M\)
\(\Rightarrow pH=-log\left(0,04\right)\approx1,4\)
$n_{NaOH} = 0,001(mol)$
$n_{Ba(OH)_2} = 0,01.0,15 = 0,0015(mol)$
$NaOH \to Na^+ + OH^-$
$Ba(OH)_2 \to Ba^{2+} + 2OH^-$
Ta có :
$n_{OH^-}= 0,001 + 0,0015.2 = 0,004(mol)$
$V_{dd} = 0,1 + 0,15 = 0,25(mol)$
$[OH^-] = \dfrac{0,004}{0,25} = 0,016M$
$pOH = -log(0,016) = 1,795 \Rightarrow pH = 14 - 1,795 = 12,205$
a, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ba^{2+}}=4.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na^+}=3.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\\n_{OH^-}=0,011\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{4.10^{-3}}{0,2+0,3}=0,008M\\\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{3.10^{-3}}{0,2+0,3}=0,006M\\\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,011}{0,2+0,3}=0,022M\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Để trung hòa dung dịch A thì:
\(n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0,01.V_{ddHCl}=\left(0,02.2+0,01\right).0,2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow V_{ddHCl}=1\left(l\right)\)
PT ion: \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H^+}=0,15\cdot0,05=0,0075\left(mol\right)\\n_{OH^-}=2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,001\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\) H+ còn dư 0,0065 mol
\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,0065}{0,2}=0,0325\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow pH=-log\left(0,0325\right)\approx1,5\)
Ví dụ 5 :
n KOH = 0,02.0,35 = 0,007(mol)
n HCl = 0,08.0,1 = 0,008(mol)
$KOH + HCl \to KCl + H_2O$
n HCl pư = n KOH = 0,007(mol)
=> n HCl dư = 0,008 - 0,007 = 0,001(mol)
V dd = 0,02 + 0,08 = 0,1(mol)
=> [H+ ] = CM HCl dư = 0,001/0,1 = 0,01M
=> pH = -log(0,01) = 2
\(n_{OH^-}=0,05V+0,02V=0,07V\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,07V}{2V}=0,035M\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{2.10^{-12}}{7}M\)
\(\Rightarrow pH\approx12,5\)