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Dd Y có HCl. → Ba(OH)2 pư hết, HCl dư.
Ta có: \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.0,05=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,01.\left(0,3+0,5\right)=0,008\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)
______0,015___0,03_____0,015 (mol)
⇒ nHCl = 0,03 + 0,008 = 0,038 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow b=C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,038}{0,5}=0,076\left(M\right)\)
- Khi cô cạn dd thì HCl bay hơi hết, chất rắn khan là BaCl2,
m cr khan = mBaCl2 = 0,015.208 = 3,12 (g)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{200.15\%}{100\%.171}=\dfrac{10}{57}mol\\ Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2H_2O\\ n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{BaSO_4}=\dfrac{10}{57}mol\\ b=m_{BaSO_4}=\dfrac{10}{57}\cdot233=40,88g\)
A chỉ còn nước thôi nên không có nồng độ % nhé
a, \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{14}{56}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.24,79=6,1975\left(l\right)\)
\(a=C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,1}=5\left(M\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{AgNO_3}=0,4.1,3=0,52\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2AgNO_3+FeCl_2\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl_{\downarrow}\)
______0,5______0,25______0,25________0,5 (mol)
\(AgNO_3+Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+Ag_{\downarrow}\)
0,02______0,02________0,02________0,02 (mol)
⇒ m = mAgCl + mAg = 0,5.143,5 + 0,02.108 = 73,91 (g)
- Dd sau pư gồm: Fe(NO3)3: 0,02 (mol) và Fe(NO3)2: 0,25 - 0,02 = 0,23 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,1+0,4}=0,04\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,23}{0,1+0,4}=0,46\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\\ a.V=\dfrac{14}{56}\cdot22,4=5,6\left(L\right)\\ a=\dfrac{\dfrac{14}{56}\cdot2}{0,1}=5\left(M\right)\\ b.n_{AgNO_3}=0,4\cdot1,3=0,52mol\\ FeCl_2+AgNO_3->Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+AgCl\\ Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+AgNO_3->Ag+Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3\\ m=0,25\cdot143,5+0,25\cdot108=62,875\left(g\right)\\ C_{M\left(AgNO_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,5}=0,04M\\ C_{M\left(Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,5}=0,5M\)
*Phản ứng vừa đủ
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,024}{22,4}=0,135\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,135\cdot2=0,27\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{HCl}=m_{muối}+m_{H_2}-m_{KL}=42,36\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{42,36}{36,5}=\dfrac{2118}{1825}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{2118}{1825}}{0,5}\approx2,32\left(M\right)\)
Câu 1 :
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0.2\cdot0.1=0.02\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{KOH}=0.3\cdot0.1=0.03\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
\(2..............1\)
\(0.03............0.02\)
Lập tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0.03}{2}< \dfrac{0.02}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\)
\(n_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.03}{2}=0.015\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_{4\left(dư\right)}}=0.02-0.015=0.005\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{ddX}=0.2+0.3=0.5\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{M_{K_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.015}{0.5}=0.03\left(M\right)\)
\(C_{M_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0.005}{0.5}=0.01\left(M\right)\)
Câu 2 :
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0.672}{22.4}=0.03\left(mol\right)\)
Hai kim loại ở 2 chu kỳ liên kết thuộc nhóm IA => Đặt CT chung là : M
\(M+H_2O\rightarrow MOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
\(0.06............................0.03\)
\(M_M=\dfrac{0.6}{0.06}=10\)\(\Rightarrow9< 10< 23\)
Hai kim loại là : Li và Na
\(n_{Li}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Na}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=9a+23b=0.6\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=0.5a+0.5b=0.03\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.056,b=0.004\)
\(\%m_{Li}=\dfrac{0.056\cdot9}{0.6}\cdot100\%=84\%\)
\(\%m_{Na}=100-84=16\%\)
\(n_{Na_2S}=n_{NaHS}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=2a+a=3a=0.03\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0.01\)
\(V=\left(0.01+0.01\right)\cdot22.4=0.448\left(l\right)\)
- Thấy Cu không phản ứng với HCl .
\(\Rightarrow m_{cr}=m_{Cu}=6,4\left(g\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
.x.......................................1,5x.........
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
.y....................................y.............
Theo bài ra ta có hệ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y+6,4=17,4\\1,5x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) ( mol )
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=5,4\\m_{Fe}=5,6\end{matrix}\right.\) ( g )
b, \(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
.......0,1.........0,2...............................
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
...0,2.......0,6..........................
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,2+0,6=0,8< 1\)
=> Trong B còn có HCl dư .
\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
...0,2..........0,2....................
=> Dư 0,2 mol HCl .
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}+0,2=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddB}=17,4+250-6,4-0,8=260,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{260,2}.100\%\approx2,8\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}\approx4,88\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}\approx10,26\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ....
`n_{Ba(OH)_2}=0,135.2=0,27(mol)`
`n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=0,08.1=0,08(mol)`
`Al_2(SO_4)_3+3Ba(OH)_2->2Al(OH)_3+3BaSO_4`
`0,08->0,24->0,16->0,24(mol)`
`->n_{Ba(OH)_2\ du}=0,27-0,24=0,03(mol)`
`Ba(OH)_2+2Al(OH)_3->Ba(AlO_2)_2+4H_2O`
`0,03->0,06(mol)`
`->n_{Al(OH)_3\ du}=0,16-0,06=0,1(mol)`
`2Al(OH)_3` $\xrightarrow{t^o}$ `Al_2O_3+3H_2O`
`0,1->0,05(mol)`
`->a=m_{Al_2O_3}+m_{BaSO_4}=0,05.102+0,24.233=61,02(g)`
Dd X chỉ chứa 1 chất tan.
→ Pư vừa đủ, chất tan là BaCl2.
Ta có: \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.0,05=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)
_____0,015_____0,03___0,015 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow a=C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,03}{0,5}=0,06\left(M\right)\)
m chất rắn khan = mBaCl2 = 0,015.208 = 3,12 (g)