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Ba(OH)2 dư => Zn(OH)2 tan hết , kết tủa chỉ là Mg(OH)2.
\(n_{Mg}=n_{MgO}=\dfrac{52.6}{40}=1.315\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=1.315\cdot24=31.56\left(g\right)>m_{hh}\)
Đề sai !
\(Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\22,4a+22,4.1,5.b=5,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\approx47,059\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx100\%-47,059\%\approx52,941\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.\left(0,1+0,1.1,5\right)=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
a)\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
x 2x x x
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
y 3y y 1,5y
Ta có hệ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=5,1\\x+1,5y=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%=47,06\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=100\%-47,06\%=52,94\%\)
b)\(\Sigma n_{HCl}=2x+3y=2\cdot0,1+3\cdot0,1=0,5mol\)
\(V=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25l=250ml\)
a, PTHH:
\(A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\left(1\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\left(2\right)\)
\(AlCl_3+4NaOH\rightarrow NaAlO_2+3NaCl+2H_2O\)
b, Ta có \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{NaAlO_2}=\dfrac{2,7}{82}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{AlCl_3}=0,045\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=27.0,03=0,81\left(g\right)\\n_A=n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{1,68}{22,4}-n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_A=2,49-0,81=1,68\left(g\right)\\n_A=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow M_A=\dfrac{1,68}{0,03}=56\left(g/mol\right)\Rightarrow A\) là \(Fe\)
c, \(m_{\text{muối}}=m_{FeCl_2}+m_{AlCl_3}\)
\(=127.n_{Fe}+133,5.n_{Al}\)
\(=127.0,03+133,5.0,03=7,815\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.36}{22.4}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.15.....0.3.......................0.15\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.15\cdot24=3.6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Cu}=10-3.6=6.4\left(g\right)\)
\(\%Mg=\dfrac{3.6}{10}\cdot100\%36\%\)
\(\%Cu=64\%\)
\(V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.3}{2}=0.15\left(l\right)\)
C1 :
- Hòa tan hh vào dd HCl :
Mg + 2HCl => MgCl2 + H2
Fe + 2HCl => FeCl2 + H2
X : MgCl2 , FeCl2 , HCl dư
Y : Cu
Z : H2
- Dung dịch X + NaOH :
MgCl2 + 2NaOH => Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl
FeCl2 + 2NaOH => Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl
Kết tủa T : Mg(OH)2 , Fe(OH)2
- Nung T :
Mg(OH)2 -to-> MgO + H2O
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 -to-> 2Fe2O3 + 4H2O
Chất rắn : MgO , Fe2O3
C2:
Đặt : nCl2 = x (mol) , nO2 = y (mol)
nA = x + y = 0.6 (mol) (1)
mCl2 + mO2 = 48.15 - 19.2 = 28.95 (g)
=> 71x + 32y = 28.95 (2)
(1),(2) :
x = 0.25 , y = 0.35
Đặt : nMg = a (mol) , nAl = b (mol)
Mg => Mg+2 + 2e
Al => Al+3 + 3e
Cl2 + 2e => 2Cl-1
O2 + 4e => 2O2-
BT e :
2a + 3b = 0.25*2 + 0.35*4 = 1.9
mB = 24a + 27b = 19.2
=> a = 0.35
b = 0.4
%Mg = 0.35*24/19.2 * 100% = 43.75%
Câu 1:
Gọi : nMg=a(mol); nMgO=b(mol) (a,b>0)
a) PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
a________2a_______a______a(mol)
MgO +2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O
b_____2b_______b___b(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+40b=8,8\\22,4a=4,48\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mMg=0,2.24=4,8(g)
=>%mMg= (4,8/8,8).100=54,545%
=> %mMgO= 45,455%
b) m(muối)=mMg2+ + mCl- = 0,3. 24 + 0,6.35,5=28,5(g)
c) V=VddHCl=(2a+2b)/2=0,3(l)=300(ml)
Câu 2:
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(Ca+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,2____0,4_____0,2____0,2 (mol)
\(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)
0,2____0,4______0,2____0,2 (mol)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ca}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot40}{0,2\cdot40+0,2\cdot56}\cdot100\%\approx41,67\%\\\%m_{CaO}=58,33\%\\m_{CaCl_2}=\left(0,2+0,2\right)\cdot111=44,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Thấy Cu không phản ứng với HCl .
\(\Rightarrow m_{cr}=m_{Cu}=6,4\left(g\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
.x.......................................1,5x.........
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
.y....................................y.............
Theo bài ra ta có hệ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y+6,4=17,4\\1,5x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) ( mol )
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=5,4\\m_{Fe}=5,6\end{matrix}\right.\) ( g )
b, \(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
.......0,1.........0,2...............................
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
...0,2.......0,6..........................
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,2+0,6=0,8< 1\)
=> Trong B còn có HCl dư .
\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
...0,2..........0,2....................
=> Dư 0,2 mol HCl .
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}+0,2=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddB}=17,4+250-6,4-0,8=260,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{260,2}.100\%\approx2,8\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}\approx4,88\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}\approx10,26\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ....
Theo gt ta có: $n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2(mol);n_{HCl}=0,15(mol);n_{H_2}=0,25(mol)$
a, Bảo toàn H ta có: $n_{H^+/pu}=0,5(mol)< 0,55(mol)$
Do đó axit còn dư
b, Ta có: $n_{Ba(OH)_2}=0,18(mol);n_{NaOH}=0,3(mol)$
Gọi số mol Mg và Al lần lượt là a;b(mol)
$\Rightarrow 24a+27b=5,1$
Bảo toàn e ta có: $2a+3b=0,5$
Giải hệ ta được $a=b=0,1$
Lượng $OH^-$ tạo kết tủa là $0,18.2+0,3-0,05=0,61(mol)$
Kết tủa gồm 0,18 mol $BaSO_4$; 0,1 mol $Mg(OH)_2$ (Do Al(OH)3 tạo ra bị hòa tan hết)
$\Rightarrow m_{kt}=47,74(g)$