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a)
\(n_{CuCl_2}=0,1.1,5=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuCl2 + Ca(OH)2 --> Cu(OH)2 + CaCl2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,15}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\) => CuCl2 hết, Ca(OH)2 dư
PTHH: CuCl2 + Ca(OH)2 --> Cu(OH)2\(\downarrow\) + CaCl2
_____0,15---->0,15-------->0,15---------->0,15
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(Ca\left(OH\right)_2dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,3-0,15}{0,1+0,3}=0,375M\\C_{M\left(CaCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,1+0,3}=0,375M\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Khối lượng giảm = khối lượng H2O sinh ra
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{0,9}{18}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Cu(OH)2 --to--> CuO + H2O
_____0,05<-----------0,05<----0,05
=> mCu(OH)2 = (0,15-0,05).98 = 9,8 (g)
=> mCuO = 0,05.80 = 4(g)
c) \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{SO_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{0,15.80}{100}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Ca(OH)2 + SO2 --> CaSO3\(\downarrow\) + H2O
_____________0,12------>0,12
=> mCaSO3 = 0,12.120 = 14,4(g)
nMgCL2=0.2(mol)
nKOH=0.3(mol)
MgCL2+2KOH->Mg(OH)2+2KCl
0.2 0.3
->MgCl dư
nMg(OH)2=0.15(mol)CM=0.6(M)
nKCl=0.3(mol)CM=1.2(M)
nMgCl dư=0.2-0.3:2=0.05(mol)CM=0.2(M)
nFe2(SO4)3=0,15(mol);
nBa(OH)2=0,3(mol)
Fe2(SO4)3+3Ba(OH)2--->3BaSO4+ 2Fe(OH)3
Xét 0,15/1>0,3/3 => Fe2(SO4)3dư , tính theo Ba(OH)2
theo pt nBa(OH)2=nBaSO4=0,3(mol)
nFe(OH)3=2/3nBa(OH)2=0,2
=> mkết tủa = 0,3.233+0,2.107=91,3(g)
b, dung dịch là Fe2(SO4)3
nFe2(SO4)3(pứ)=1/3nBa(OH)2=0,1(mol)
=> nFe2(SO4)3 dư = 0,15-0,1=0,05(mol)
Vdd=100+150=250(ml)=0,25(l)
=> CMFe2(SO4)3 = 0,2(M)
nBaCl2= 0,1 (mol)
nH2SO4 = 0,2327 (mol)
BaCl2 + H2SO4 \(\rightarrow\) BaSO4 \(\downarrow\) + 2HCl
bđ 0,1 0,2327 }
pư 0,1 \(\rightarrow\) 0,1 \(\rightarrow\) 0,1 \(\rightarrow\) 0,2 } (mol)
spư 0 0,1327 0,1 0,2 }
mBaSO4 = 0,1 . 233 = 23,3 (g)
mdd(sau pư)= 400 + 1,14 . 100 - 23,3 =490,7 (g)
C%(H2SO4)=\(\frac{0,1327.98}{490,7}\) . 100% = 2,65%
C% (HCl) =\(\frac{0,2.36,5}{490,7}\) . 100% = 1,49%
hàng thứ 3 từ dưới lên : chỗ mdd(sau pư): 400+1,14.100-23,3
1,14.100...số 100 là ở đâu v bạn?
mBaCl2 = 400.5,2% = 20,8g
mH2SO4 = 100.1,14.20% = 22,8g
BaCl2 + H2SO4 = BaSO4 + 2HCl
208...... 98........... 233........ 2.36,5g
20,8..... 22,8.........
20,8/208 < 22,8/98 => BaCl2 phản ứng hết và H2SO4 còn dư
=> mBaSO4 = 20,8.233/208 = 23,3g
=> mHCl = 20,8.2.36,5/208 = 7,3g
=> mH2SO4 (dư) = 22,8 - 20,8.98/208 = 13g
mdd (trước ph.ư) = 400 + 100.1,14 = 514g
mdd (sau ph.ư) = 514 - 23,3 = 490,7g
=> C%HCl = 7,3/490,7 = 1,49%
=> C%H2SO4 (dư) = 13/490,7 = 2,65%
Phản ứng này không tạo khí bạn nhé :
200ml = 0,2l
300ml = 0,3l
\(n_{MgCl2}=\dfrac{19}{95}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl|\)
1 2 1 2
0,2 0,2 0,4
\(n_{Mg\left(OH\right)2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Mg\left(OH\right)2}=0,2.58=11,6\left(g\right)\)
Pt : \(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgO+H_2O|\)
1 1 1
0,2 0,2
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{MgO}=0,2.40=8\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,2.2}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{ddspu}=0,2+0,3=0,5\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,5}=0,8\left(M\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
Bài 1:
a) CuSO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2↓
\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}\)
Theo bài: \(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{NaOH}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{3}< \dfrac{1}{2}\) ⇒ NaOH dư
b) Theo PT: \(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=m_{CuSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\times98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
c) \(\Sigma V_{dd}saupư=40+60=100\left(ml\right)=0,1\left(l\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}pư=2n_{CuSO_4}=2\times0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}dư=0,3-0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}dư=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{CuSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\)
Bài 2:
ZnCl2 + 2NaOH → 2NaCl + Zn(OH)2↓ (1)
\(n_{ZnCl_2}=0,3\times1,5=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,1\times1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT1: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}\)
Theo bài: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{9}{2}n_{NaOH}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{9}{2}>\dfrac{1}{2}\) ⇒ ZnCl2 dư
a) \(\Sigma V_{dd}saupư=300+100=400\left(ml\right)=0,4\left(l\right)\)
Theo PT1: \(n_{ZnCl_2}pư=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}\times0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{ZnCl_2}dư=0,45-0,05=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{ZnCl_2}}dư=\dfrac{0,4}{0,4}=1\left(M\right)\)
Theo PT1: \(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,4}=0,25\left(M\right)\)
b) Zn(OH)2 \(\underrightarrow{to}\) ZnO + H2O (2)
Theo pT1: \(n_{Zn\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}\times0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pT2: \(n_{ZnO}=n_{Zn\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnO}=0,05\times81=4,05\left(g\right)\)
c) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O (3)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,1\times36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{3,65}{25\%}=14,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{MgCl_2}\)=\(0,1.2=0,2(mol)\)
\(n_{Ba(OH)_2}\)=\(0,15.1,5=0,225(mol) \)
\({MgCl_2}+{Ba(OH)_2}-->{Mg(OH)_2}+{BaCl_2}\)
Dung dịch A chứa 0,225-0,2=0,025 mol \({Ba(OH)_2}\) dư; 0,2 mol \({BaCl_2}\)
Kết tủa B là 0,2 mol \({Mg(OH)_2}\)
\({Mg(OH)_2}-->MgO+{H_2O}\)
⇒\(n_{MgO}\)=\(n_{Mg(OH)_2}=0,2 mol\)
⇒\(m_{MgO}=0,2.40=8(g)\)
Coi thể tích dung dịch không đổi sau khi trộn
\(V_{dd}=100+150=250ml=0,25l\)
⇒\(C_M{Ba(OH)_2}\)=\(\dfrac{0,025}{0,25}=0,1M\)
\(C_M{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,25}=0,8M\)
mdd(sau phản ứng)=250.1,12=280(g)
C%\({Ba(OH)_2}=\dfrac{0,025.171}{280}.100=1,5%\)%
C%\({BaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.208}{280}.100=14,85%\)%
PTHH: \(Na_2CO_3+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow2NaOH+CaCO_3\downarrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1\cdot1=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\cdot1,5=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Ca(OH)2 dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{CaCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaCO_3}=0,1\cdot100=10\left(g\right)\\C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,2}=0,25\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
nNa2CO3= 0,1(mol) ; nCa(OH)2=0,15(mol)
a) PTHH: Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 -> CaCO3 + 2 NaOH
Vì: 0,1/1 < 0,15/1
=> Na2CO3 hết, Ca(OH)2 dư, tính theo Na2CO3.
=> nCaCO3=nCa(OH)2 (p.ứ)=nNa2CO3= 0,1(mol)
=>m(kết tủa)=mCaCO3=0,1.100=10(g)
b) Vddsau= 100+100=200(ml)=0,2(l)
nNaOH=2.0,1=0,2(mol)
nCa(OH)2(dư)=0,15-0,1=0,05(mol)
=>CMddNaOH=0,2/0,2= 1(M)
CMddCa(OH)2 (dư)= 0,05/ 0,2=0,25(M)