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Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p+e+n=60\\p=e\\p+e-n=20\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2n=40\\p=e\\p+e-n=20\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p=e=20\\n=20\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p=e=z=20\\n=20\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow A=z+n=20+20=40\left(u\right)\)
\(KHNT:^{40}_{20}Ca\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2Z+N=60\\2Z-n=20\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Z=20\\N=20\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(A=Z+N=20+20=40u\)
Kí hiệu nguyên tử \(^{40}_{20}X\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}P+N+E=76\\\left(P+E\right)-N=20\\P=E\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2P+N=76\\2P-N=20\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}P=E=Z=24\\N=28\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: p + e = n = 82
Mà p = e, nên: 2p + n = 82 (1)
Theo đề, ta có: 2p - n = 22 (2)
Từ (1) và (2), ta có HPT:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2p+n=82\\2p-n=22\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2n=60\\2p-n=22\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n=30\\p=26\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy p = e = Z = 26 hạt, n = 30 hạt.
Dựa vào bẳng hóa trị, suy ra:
X là sắt (Fe)
Theo đề, ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\cdot Z+N=82\\2\cdot Z-N=22\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Z=26\\N=30\end{matrix}\right.\)
hay A=56
\(X=^{26}_{56}FE\)
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p+e+n=155\\p=e\\p+e-n=33\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p=e=47\\n=61\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow A=p+n=47+61=108\left(u\right)\)
\(KHNT:^{108}_{47}Ag\)
b)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p+e+n=95\\p=e\\\dfrac{p+n}{e}=\dfrac{13}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p=e=30\\n=35\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow A=p+n=30+35=65\left(u\right)\)
\(KHNT:^{65}_{30}Zn\)
c)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p+n=80\\p=e\\n-p=10\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p=e=35\\n=45\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow A=p+n=35+45=80\left(u\right)\)
\(KHNT:^{80}_{35}Br\)
d)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p+e+n=52\\p=e\\n-e=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p=e=17\\n=18\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow A=p+n=17+18=35\left(u\right)\)
\(KHNT:^{35}_{17}Cl\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p+e+n=80\\p=e\\n-e=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3e=75\\p=e\\n=e+5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}p=e=25\\n=30\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow A=p+n=25+30=55\left(u\right)\)
\(KHNT:^{55}_{25}Mn\)