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a)Ta có: \(\frac{3}{1.4}=\frac{4-1}{1.4}=1-\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\frac{3}{4.7}=\frac{7-4}{4.7}=\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{7}\)
... . . . .
\(\frac{3}{n\left(n+3\right)}=\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S=1-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{7}+...+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+3}< 1^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)
b) Ta có: \(S=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{9^2}>\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{9.10}\)
\(\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{9.10}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{9}-\frac{1}{10}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{10}=\frac{2}{5}\)
Suy ra \(\frac{2}{5}< S\) (1)
Ta lại có: \(S=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{9^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{8.9}\)
Mà \(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{8.9}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{8}-\frac{1}{9}=1-\frac{1}{9}=\frac{8}{9}\)
Từ đó suy ra S < 8/9
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra đpcm
\(S=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{10}}\)
\(2S=2+1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^9}\)
\(2S-S=\left(2+1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^9}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{10}}\right)\)
\(2S-S=S=2-\frac{1}{2^{10}}\)
\(S=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{10}}\)
\(2S=2\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{10}}\right)\)
\(2S=3+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^9}\)
\(S=2S-S\)
\(S=3+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^9}-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{10}}\right)\)
\(S=3+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^9}-1-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2^3}-...-\frac{1}{2^{10}}\)
\(S=2-\frac{1}{2^{10}}\)
bài khó nhất nhé
2. Ta có :
\(P=\frac{1}{49}+\frac{2}{48}+\frac{3}{47}+...+\frac{48}{2}+\frac{49}{1}\)
cộng vào 48 phân số đầu với 1, trừ phân số cuối đi 48 ta được :
\(P=\left(\frac{1}{49}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2}{48}+1\right)+\left(\frac{3}{47}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{48}{2}+1\right)+\left(\frac{49}{1}-48\right)\)
\(P=\frac{50}{49}+\frac{50}{48}+\frac{50}{47}+...+\frac{50}{2}+\frac{50}{50}\)
\(P=\frac{50}{50}+\frac{50}{49}+\frac{50}{48}+...+\frac{50}{2}\)
\(P=50.\left(\frac{1}{50}+\frac{1}{49}+\frac{1}{48}+...+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{S}{P}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{48}+\frac{1}{49}+\frac{1}{50}}{50.\left(\frac{1}{50}+\frac{1}{49}+\frac{1}{48}+...+\frac{1}{2}\right)}=\frac{1}{50}\)
\(S=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^9}\)
=>\(2S=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^8}\)
=>\(2S-S=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^8}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^9}\right)\)
=>\(S=1-\frac{1}{2^9}=\frac{511}{512}\)
Vậy \(S=\frac{511}{512}\)
Ta có : \(S=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+......+\frac{1}{2^9}\)
\(\Rightarrow2S=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+....+\frac{1}{2^8}\)
\(\Rightarrow2S-S=1-\frac{1}{2^9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S=1-\frac{1}{2^9}\)