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a, PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,35.65=22,75\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{H_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
Mà: axit dùng dư 10% so với lượng pư.
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,7+0,7.10\%=0,77\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,77}{2,8}=0,275\left(l\right)\)
c, Ta có: \(D=\dfrac{m}{V}\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=0,275.1000.1,04=286\left(g\right)\)
d, Theo PT: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Dd X gồm: ZnCl2 và HCl dư.
nHCl dư = 07.10% = 0,07 (mol)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = mZn + m dd HCl - mH2 = 308,05 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,35.136}{308,05}.100\%\approx15,452\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,07.36,5}{308,05}.100\%\approx0,829\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
`n_[Zn]=13/65=0,2(mol)`
`Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl_2 + H_2 \uparrow`
`0,2` `0,4` `0,2` `(mol)`
`a)V_[H_2]=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)`
`b)C%_[HCl]=[0,4.36,5]/150 .100~~9,73%`
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,4 0,8 0,4 0,4
\(a,V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\\ b,C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,8.36,5}{150}.100\%=19,5\%\\ c,m_{\text{dd}}=26+150-\left(0,4.2\right)=175,2\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,4.136}{175,2}.100\%=31\%\)
a) Zn + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) ZnCl2 + H2
nZn = 6,5/65 = 0,1 mol
THeo pt: nH2 = nZn = 0,1 mol
=> VH2 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 lít
b) THeo pt: nHCl = 2nZn = 0,2 mol
=> mHCl = 0,2 . 36,5 = 7,3g
=> C%HCl = \(\dfrac{7,3}{200}.100\%=3,65\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{8,125}{65}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=\dfrac{100.18,25}{100}=18,25\left(g\right)\\
n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\\ pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,125 0,125 (mol )
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(l\right)\\
\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{8,125}{8,125+18,25}.100\%=30,8\%\)
Bài 18:
Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{8,125}{65}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=100.18,25\%=18,25\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
a, PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
b, Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,125}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2}=0,125.2=0,25\left(g\right)\)
c, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Có: m dd sau pư = 8,125 + 100 - 0,25 = 107,875 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,125.136}{107,875}.100\%\approx15,76\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,25.36,5}{107,875}.100\%\approx8,46\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
a, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
0,1--->0,2------->0,1----->0,1
VH2 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)
b, \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\)
c, \(C_{M\left(ZnCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
PTHH: \(2M+2xHCl\rightarrow2MCl_x+xH_2\uparrow\) (x là hóa trị của M)
Tính theo sản phẩm
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_M=\dfrac{0,4}{x}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{4,8}{\dfrac{0,4}{x}}=12x\)
Ta thấy với \(x=2\) thì \(M=24\) (Magie)
Mặt khác: \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{50\cdot36,5\%}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta lại có: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{Mg}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=4,8+50-0,2\cdot2=54,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot95}{54,4}\cdot100\%\approx34,93\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot36,5}{54,4}\cdot100\%\approx6,71\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{HCl}=60.36,5\%=21,9g\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,6 0,3 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\)