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a) \(49.51=\left(50-1\right)\left(50+1\right)=50^2-1^2=2500-1=2499\)
b) \(29.31=\left(30-1\right)\left(30+1\right)=30^2-1^2=900-1=899\)
c) \(101^2=\left(100+1\right)^2=100^2+2.100.1+1^2=10000+200+1=10201\)
d) \(99^2+2.99+1=\left(99+1\right)^2=100^2=10000\)
e) \(\left(10^2+8^2+6^2+4^2+2^2\right)-\left(9^2+7^2+5^2+3^2+1^2\right)\)
\(=10^2-9^2+8^2-7^2+6^2-5^2+4^2-3^2+2^2-1^2\)
\(=\left(10-9\right)\left(10+9\right)+\left(8-7\right)\left(8+7\right)+\left(6-5\right)\left(6+5\right)+\)
\(\left(4-3\right)\left(4+3\right)+\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)\)
\(=10+9+8+7+6+5+4+3+2+1=55\)
f) \(1998^2-1997.\left(1998+1\right)=1998^2-\left(1998-1\right)\left(1998+1\right)\)
\(=1998^2-1998^2+1=1\)
\( a)5\left( {x - 3} \right) - 4 = 2\left( {x - 1} \right) + 7\\ \Leftrightarrow 5x - 15 - 4 = 2x - 2 + 7\\ \Leftrightarrow 5x - 19 = 2x + 5\\ \Leftrightarrow 5x - 2x = 5 + 19\\ \Leftrightarrow 3x = 24\\ \Leftrightarrow x = 8\\ b)\dfrac{{8x - 3}}{4} - \dfrac{{3x - 2}}{2} = \dfrac{{2x - 1}}{2} + \dfrac{{x + 3}}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow 8x - 3 - \left( {3x - 2} \right).2 = \left( {2x - 1} \right).2 + x + 3\\ \Leftrightarrow 8x - 3 - 6x + 4 = 4x - 2 + x + 3\\ \Leftrightarrow 2x + 1 = 5x + 1\\ \Leftrightarrow 2x - 5x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow - 3x = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow x = 0 \)
\( c)\dfrac{{2\left( {x + 5} \right)}}{3} + \dfrac{{x + 12}}{2} - \dfrac{{5\left( {x - 2} \right)}}{6} = \dfrac{x}{3} + 11\\ \Leftrightarrow 4\left( {x + 5} \right) + 3\left( {x + 12} \right) - \left[ {5\left( {x - 2} \right)} \right] = 2x + 66\\ \Leftrightarrow 4x + 20 + 3x + 36 - 5x + 10 = 2x + 66\\ \Leftrightarrow 2x + 66 = 2x + 66\\ \Leftrightarrow 0x = 0\left( {VSN} \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x = 0 \)
\(d)\dfrac{x-10}{1994}+\dfrac{x-8}{1996}+\dfrac{x-6}{1998}+\dfrac{x-4}{2000}+\dfrac{x-2}{2002}=\dfrac{x-2002}{2}+\dfrac{x-2000}{4}+\dfrac{x-1998}{6}+\dfrac{x-1996}{8}+\dfrac{x-1994}{10}\\ \Leftrightarrow \dfrac{x-10}{1994}-1+\dfrac{x-8}{1996}-1+\dfrac{x-6}{1998}-1+\dfrac{x-4}{2000}-1+\dfrac{x-2}{2002}-1=\dfrac{x-2002}{2}-1+\dfrac{x-2000}{4}-1+\dfrac{x-1998}{6}-1+\dfrac{x-1996}{8}-1+\dfrac{x-1994}{10}-1\\ \Leftrightarrow \dfrac{x-2004}{1994}+\dfrac{x-2004}{1996}+\dfrac{x-2004}{1998}+\dfrac{x-2004}{2000}\dfrac{x-2004}{2002}=\dfrac{x-2004}{2}+\dfrac{x-2004}{4}+\dfrac{x-2004}{6}+\dfrac{x-2004}{8}+\dfrac{x-2004}{10}\\ \Leftrightarrow \dfrac{x-2004}{1994}+\dfrac{x-2004}{1996}+\dfrac{x-2004}{1998}+\dfrac{x-2004}{2000}\dfrac{x-2004}{2002}-\dfrac{x-2004}{2}-\dfrac{x-2004}{4}-\dfrac{x-2004}{6}-\dfrac{x-2004}{8}-\dfrac{x-2004}{10}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left(x-2004\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{1994}+\dfrac{1}{1996}+\dfrac{1}{1998}+\dfrac{1}{2000}+\dfrac{1}{2002}-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{10}=0\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x-2004=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=2004\)
1) x - 8 = 3 - 2(x + 4)
<=> x - 8 = 3 - 2x - 8
<=> x + 2x = -5 + 8
<=> 3x = 3
<=> x = 1
Vậy S = {1}
2) 2(x + 3) - 3(x - 1) = 2
<=> 2x + 6 - 3x + 3 = 2
<=> -x = 2 - 9
<=> -x = -7
<=> x = 7
Vậy S = {7}
3) 4(x - 5) - (3x - 1) = x - 19
<=> 4x - 20 - 3x + 1 = x - 19
<=> x - 19 = x - 19
<=> x - x = -19 + 19
<=> 0x = 0
=> pt luôn đúng với mọi x
4) 7 - (x - 2) = 5(2x - 3)
<=> 7 - x + 2 = 10x + 15
<=> -x - 10x = 15 - 9
<=> -11x = 6
<=> x = -6/11
Vậy S = {-6/11}
\(5,32-4\left(0,5y-5\right)=3y+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow32-2y+20-3y-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-5y+50=0\Leftrightarrow y=10\)
\(6,3\left(x-1\right)-x=2x-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x-3-x-2x+3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0=0\) (luôn đúng )
=> pt vô số nghiệm
\(7,2x-4=-12+3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x=-8\Leftrightarrow x=8\)
\(8,x\left(x-1\right)-x\left(x+3\right)=15\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-x^2-3x-15=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-4x-15=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-15}{4}\)
\(9,x\left(x-1\right)=x\left(x+3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-x^2-3x=0\Leftrightarrow-4x=0\Leftrightarrow x=0\)
\(10,x\left(2x-3\right)+2=x\left(x-5\right)-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-3x+2-x^2+5x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x+3=0\) (vô lý)
=> pt vô nghiệm
\(11,\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)=-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x-3+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
\(12,\left(x-2\right)\left(x-5\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x-4\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-7x+10=x^2-7x+12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow10=12\) (vô lý)=> pt vô nghiệm
1382 -382 = (138 - 38)(138+38) = 100.176 = 17600