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a, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{24,5}{98}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
b, \(n_{NaOH}=0,15.0,2=0,03\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{NaOH}=0,03.40=1,2\left(g\right)\)
c, \(m_{CuSO_4}=150.20\%=30\left(g\right)\)
- Giả sử có 100 gam dd H2SO4 98%
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.98}{100}=98\left(g\right)\) => \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{98}{98}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{dd.H_2SO_4.98\%}=\dfrac{100}{1,84}=\dfrac{1250}{23}\left(ml\right)=\dfrac{5}{92}\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(dd.H_2SO_4.98\%\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{5}{92}}=18,4M\)
-
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=18,4.0,05=0,92\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,92.98=90,16\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{dd.H_2SO_4.10\%}=\dfrac{90,16.100}{10}=901,6\left(g\right)\)
Bài 10:
- Giả sử có 100 gam dd H2SO4 98%
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.98}{100}=98\left(g\right)\) => \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{98}{98}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{dd.H_2SO_4.98\%}=\dfrac{100}{1,84}=\dfrac{1250}{23}\left(ml\right)=\dfrac{5}{92}\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(dd.H_2SO_4.98\%\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{5}{92}}=18,4M\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=18,4.0,05=0,92\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,92.98=90,16\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{dd.H_2SO_4.10\%}=\dfrac{90,16.100}{10}=901,6\left(g\right)\)
Bài 11:
a) Do dd sau pư có 3 chát tan với nồng độ % bằng nhau
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{ZnSO_4}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a----->1,5a------->0,5a----->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b----->b--------->b----->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5a=171a\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=161b\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 171a = 161b
=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{161}{171}\) (1)
Có: \(\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27.n_{Al}}{65.n_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27}{65}.\dfrac{161}{171}=\dfrac{483}{1235}\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=1,5a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{161}{825}\left(mol\right)\\b=\dfrac{57}{275}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{161}{825}.27+\dfrac{57}{275}.65=\dfrac{5154}{275}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5\dfrac{161}{825}=\dfrac{9177}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=98\left(1,5a+b\right)+\dfrac{9177}{275}=\dfrac{22652}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(y=\dfrac{\dfrac{22652}{275}.100}{10}=\dfrac{45304}{55}\left(g\right)\)
Gọi nAl = nFe = x (mol)
⇒ 27x + 56x = 8,3 ⇒ x = 0,1 (mol)
PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
a, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,25.98=24,5\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ m muối = 0,05.342 + 0,1.152 = 32,3 (g)
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
0.02 0.06 0.02
\(nAl2O3=\dfrac{2.04}{102}=0.02mol\)
a.mH2SO4 đã dùng\(=\dfrac{0.06\times98}{20\%}=29.4g\)
b.m muối sinh ra\(=0.02\times342=6.84g\)
a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 --> MgSO4 + H2
0,1---->0,1------->0,1---->0,1
=> \(m_{dd.H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{4,9\%}=200\left(g\right)\)
b) mdd sau pư = 2,4 + 200 - 0,1.2 = 202,2 (g)
mMgSO4 = 0,1.120 = 12 (g)
\(C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{12}{202,2}.100\%=5,9\%\)
c)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,25}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\) => Hiệu suất tính theo H2
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3,2}{64}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
0,05<-----0,05
=> \(H=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}.100\%=50\%\)
a, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + H2
0,1--->0,1---------->0,1-------->0,1
\(m_{dd\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{4,9\%}=200\left(g\right)\)
b, \(m_{dd\left(sau.pư\right)}=2,4+200-0,2.2=202,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{202,2}.100\%=5,93\%\)
c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
LTL: 0,25 > 0,1 => CuO dư
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3,2}{64}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pt: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Cu}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(H=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}.100\%=50\%\)
a, mchất rắn = mCu = 12,8 (g)
=> mhh (Al, Zn) = 28,5 - 12,8 = 16,7 (g)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=7,84\%.500=39,2\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\)
PTHH:
2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2↑
a----->1,5a---------->0,5a-------->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2
b---->b------------>b--------->b
mdd (tăng) = mhh (Al, Zn) - mH2 = 27a + 65a - 2.(1,5a - b) = 24a - 63b = 515 - 500 = 15 (g)
=> Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+65b=15,7\\24a-63b=15\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{28,5}.100\%=44,9\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{28,5}.100\%=18,9\%\\\%m_{Zn}=100\%-44,9\%-18,9\%=36,2\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(n_{H_2SO_{4\left(dư\right)}}=0,4-0,1.1,5-0,2=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342}{515}.100\%=3,32\%\\C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.161}{515}.100\%=6,25\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_{4\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0,05.98}{515}.100\%=0,95\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
anh ơi \(24a+63b=15\) mới đúng chứ anh:)
\(m_{dd\left(tăng\right)}=24a+63b\) nữa:)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(0.2..........0.3...............0.1...........0.3\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0.3\cdot98=29.4\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{29.4\cdot100}{20}=147\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0.1\cdot342=34.2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng }}=5.4+147-0.3\cdot2=151.8\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{34.2}{151.8}\cdot100\%=22.53\%\)
Vậy khối lượng H2SO4 có tong 20g dung dịch H2SO4 98% là:
mct=C%. mdd100%=98%. 20100%=19,6(gam)
Đáp số: 19,6g
Khối lượng dung dịch H2SO4 làm 20 x 98% : 100% = 19,6 (gam)